Browsing by Author "Hassen, Mulu"

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    Prevalence of Bacterial isoLates from Cerebrospinal Fluid, their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk factors with Special Emphasis on Streptococcus Pneomoniae Among Pediatrics suspected meningitis patients at Tikur Anbessa and Yekatit 12 Specialized Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-05) Hassen, Mulu; Mulugeta, Gebru (PhD)
    Background: Bacterial meningitis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in neonatology and pediatrics patients in many countries of the world including Ethiopia. Information on prevalence of bacterial meningitis, susceptibility of the causative microorganism to rationalize treatment and associated risk factors is scare among pediatrics groups. Objective: To isolate bacteria’s from CSF specimen, determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and to assess associated risk factors with special emphasis on Streptococcus pneumoniae among pediatrics suspected meningitis patients attending pediatrics clinic at Tikur Anbessa and Yekatit 12 specialized hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa and Yekatit 12 specialized hospitals, from September, 2013 to January, 2014. A consecutive sampling technique was used. Three hundred eighty five pediatrics patients attending the hospital at pediatrics ward that were gave CSF samples for diagnostic purpose were enrolled in the study. Samples were taken from them and analyzed according to standard microbiological (culture) procedures, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern were determined using disc diffusion technique and serological (BinaxNOW streptococcus pneumoniae antigen test) procedure was also done. Datas were double entered with EPI INFO version 3.5.3 and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the association between variables. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were used to see the performance of the ICT. Result: Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 17 patients showing an isolation rate of 4.4%.Among these, 58.8% and 41.2% were gram negative and gram positive organisms respectively. The most commonly isolated bacteria were S.pneumoniae (35.3%), followed by Neisseria meningitidis (11.8%). Among all risk factors assessed, none of them were statistically significant with suspected meningitis cases (p>0.05). The antimicrobial sensitivity remained high for third generation cephalosporins for most of the isolates. The ICT increased the detection of pneumococcus over culture. Conclusion The prevalence of bacterial isolates in this study was 4.4%. Antigen detection (BinaxNOW S.pneumoniae test in our study) is a better adjuvant to culture. Frequency of single as well as multiple drug resistance was very high among the bacterial isolates. Area specific periodic evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility test will be important