Browsing by Author "Hassen, Mohammed (Phd)"

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    Africa and the International Criminal Court: Challenges and the way Forward
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Belay, Eshetu; Hassen, Mohammed (Phd)
    This research reflects the areas of jurisdictional power of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the challenges it has been facing in the last 12 years of its life while it is trying to end impunity in Africa. The assessment is based on the main objective of establishing Rome Statue in July 2002 which thrives that all member states of UN have to have the same standard in their respective territories. A lot of controversies and misconceptions are being witnessed on the understandings and implementation of international laws in Africa between ICC and African leaders. It seems such controversies and misconceptions emanate from different prevailing thoughts. African states accuse ICC as a neo colonialist institution targeting African leaders in addition to alleging ICC as playing double standard role in African and the rest of the world for instance ICC investigation and prosecution till now only in Africa despite Israel-Palestine, Iraq , Columbia and Afghanistan where western countries have major interest from the conflict .The study used method of both Primary data, key informant interview and secondary data, cases from ICC investigation and situation under which it described the challenges and perspective of the international criminal court in fighting impunity in Africa .The study used cases which do have direct link with ICC like the current cases on Uganda, DRC, Cote d’Ivoire CAR, Kenya, Sudan Mali and Libya as an input in its arguments and discussions. And the study proved that the non-targeting of African states by ICC and there is no evidence showing ICC is playing double standard role in Africa and the rest of the world rather the UNSC, the political body, playing double standard in its referral and other duties .Thus AU, UNSC, state parties and all African states should cooperate with this independent institution to end major Human Right violation throughout the globe
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    Foreign Aid and Democracy: The Case of Tanzania
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Handino, Fekadu; Hassen, Mohammed (Phd)
    This thesis discusses the role of foreign aid on democratization processes and democratic consolidations in Tanzania; increasingly, foreign aid has become a tool used by western countries in attempts to promote the emergence or consolidation of democracy in other countries. But what is the relationship between foreign aid and democracy? Does foreign aid promote democracy? If so how? Tanzania became independent in 1961 from British colonial rule. While most neighboring states have gone through violent conflicts, Tanzania has managed to implement extensive reforms without armed political conflicts. After independence, Tanzania under the charismatic leadership of Nyerere developed African based socialism “Ujamaa family-hood” which saw independence as a means of self- reliance and not depending on foreign aid. After the policy of Ujamaa failed, Tanzania has become highly dependent on foreign aid for developments. Hence, Tanzania is an interesting case for the foreign aid and democracy research. This study first explores the ways in which Tanzania introduced multi-parties in1992 and the role of donor countries. The question is residing what role foreign aid has played in this case? The Second part o f this thesis has discussed democratic consolidation in Tanzania and the role of foreign aid. The question to what extent is Tanzania moving towards consolidation of democracy and the role of donor’s countries is analyzed. The analysis is based on secondary documents and semi structured interview collected in the period September 2013 to March 2014. The main finding of this thesis is that, foreign aid has brought political reform in Tanzania, which is highly manifested by the founding of multi-party system even though it is difficult to say that foreign aid has brought democratic consolidation in Tanzania, because a democratic consolidation embraces various features in it. There for, Tanzania can do much better in the consolidation of democracy in the country if she depends not largely on foreign aid but on here people, cultural system, experiences and values.
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    The Role of Internal and External Actors in Reshaping the African Nation States: the Case of Somalia
    (2015-06) M. Ali, Nasir; Hassen, Mohammed (Phd)
    Africa has been in a state of crises since independence, primarily linked to external influences which have social, cultural, economic, and political dimensions. The African states, not all, suffered the extreme consequences from unviable forms of political rule which criminalized both the state and the economy and produced ethnic contention and deeply divided society. The external actors are not the only chief architects of the Africa‟s lingering conflicts and state failures, but also their local actors in the post-colonial age are partially responsible for the political and economic troubles, and the frequent state collapse. Somalia, for example, became a victim of internal and external actors; while the post-state collapse actors are the tragic, violent outcome of gradually deteriorating political dynamics since 1991. From the rubble and ruins of the state, self-appointed warlords who struggled to rule the country from the barrels of guns, business groups and, later, Islamists aspire to power with the influence of external actors, both from the region and beyond exacerbated the political instability and economic shortcomings which impacted both on the state and the lives of the ordinary Somali citizens. In fact, numerous peacebuilding efforts and attempts at building a centralized Somali national government have failed due to extensive involvement of diverse external actors. Without exception, Somalia neighbors, Arab and Western states have been involved in Somalia‟s conflict for political and economic reasons. This study, therefore, dismisses that the external actors, both from the region and beyond will bring peace and stability to Somalia. Therefore, the issue should be considered as a Somali issue that has an economic, social, and political impact on the Somalis at large, and according to this suggestion, any resolution to the Somalia conflict needs indigenous efforts since it affects the internal peace and security of the Somali citizens as well as their destiny. Without a unified grassroots involvement, it is difficult to foresee a sustainable peace and stability in Somalia.