Browsing by Author "Hassen, Mohammed"

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    Determinant Factors That Influence the Use of Family Planning Among Eligible Couples in Rural Amhara: the Case of Bahir Dar Zuria Woreda
    (Addis Ababa University, 2001-06) Hassen, Mohammed; Berhane, Yemane (PhD)
    Rapid population growth is one of the major hindrances of societal development, which in most cases obse/ved in developing countries. Resource shortage, high rate of unemployment, high burden of dependency ratio, environmental degradation, etc, and an overall deterioration of the quality of life are sOllie of the outcomes of rapid population growth. Due to this governments of lIIany developing nations are unable to meet the social and economic needs of their people. In order to avoid problems caused by population growth, practicing of fclll1ily planning is one of the 1II0S/ papillar con/rolling methods used as a remedy. Limiting the number of children at household level is a first step to be taken that requires educating and encouraging rural eligible couples to have a Sill all family size. A cross-sectional survey was conducted all 140 couples, 70 currently users and 70 currently non-users in ten rural Kebeles using multi-stage stratify and random sampling techniques and the study was conducted to identify the influential factors for the use and non-use of modem contraceptives. Fac/ors identified as determinants were age of males, age during first marriage of females, education level of females, economic status of couples, knowledge about modem contraceptives and al/itude of couples, desired number of children of males, reasons given by males to have 1II0re children, decision making role of males and sex preference of children of couples. Providing consecutive education all fcUl1ily planning that enable to bring attitudinal and behavioral c/wnges of the rural couples would be much helpjitl to improve the pe/forl/wnce of falll it)! planning and thereby couples would have small family size, which is the main strategy to curb the rapid population growth that contributes to the achievement of development.
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    The Evolution of Tenancy in Hararge (Ca. 1887-1975)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Hassen, Mohammed; Zewde, Bahru (Professor)
    For most of its histOfY, f1ardrge's rural community did not get a proper historical study. In an attempt to fill this gap, this dissertation explores the agrarian histolY of f1ardrgeca 1887-1975. It examines Ihe economic, socio-cultural, legal and political histDlY of tenancy. As a vast and spacious ethno-geographical region, f1ariirge demonstrated variegated economic formations before the conquest. Hardr town and its environs settled by the Oromo agriculturalists practiced a well-developed plow-based agriculture and cultivated cereal crops such as sorghum, maize, wheat and barley slifjicient for their own subsistence while pastoral economy predominated the Cdredr plateau and some peripheral arid areas. The political and militOlY processes of the late 19'/0 centllly which led 10 the conquest and incorporation of Hardrge gave rise to the control over the means of production, mainly land. Subsequently, the transfer of property right was sanctioned by the state 's land grant and land sales. Shaping a new land holding pattern in their own[avor, the settler communities nurlured cereal culture in all parts of Hardrge and established the ascendancy of crop agriculture in the economic formation. The subject of this dissertation is therefore tracing the economic transformation wrought by property awnership and the changing patterns of production relations pom the indigenous means of subsistence to the mdlkdiiiia system since the conquesllo 1935 and then to thefidl;/ledged landlord-tenancy relatian since 1941. Since land without labor was worthless, Ihe process o[privatization of land wrought competition for labor. As labor was abundanl relalive 10 land, there emerged diflerenl forms of labor mobilization of the land hunglY productive force. One of the mechanisms through which this unequal distribution of land and labor was reconciled was lenancy. Cognizanl 0.[ this, Ihis study tries 10 demonstrate that the evolulion and spread of tenancy in f1ardrge lvas intimately associaled with the transfer of land fi'om the indigenes to the settler communities. Within that fi'Olnework the cenlral thesis of the dissertation is thaI pom among Ihe di/[erenl agrarian problems that hindered agricultural productivity in rural Hararge, tenancy figures prominently. This study views Ie nancy as a means of slllplllS appropriation in Ihe form of rent, produce and labor by the landowning class. SI.II1Jlus was appropriated through different forms o[ tenancy arrangemenls such as sharecropping, contract lenancy and labor lenancy. From these sharecropping was the dominant fo rm. It ll'CIS also an indispensable condition for the survival 0.[ Ihe landowning seltler commllnilies who were grossly undercapitalized in Ihe sense Ihal many would have been unable 10 projit pom Iheir land lvithoul it. On top of the high rental payment in the form of cash or produce, lenanlS were required to fitljill a nlllllber o[obligations and slincily labor requirements, which aggravaled Ihe plight of lenanlS and lIndermined agricullural produclivity. The dissertation analy=es these and related Ihemes "'ilhin eight chapters by using complemenlCII)' sources o[ evidence. Oral data l"ere care/ilily collecled throllgh inlervieltl. f;Veallh (?f archival sources/rom VW';OlfS centers were a/so extensively used. By bringing loge/her Ihese sources with the ideas o[ several alilhorilies on peasanl sludics. Ihe slud), atlelllplS 10 anctly=e Ihe overall piclure o.l slagnoling agriculfllral pradllclion and Ihe impoverished living conditions ol /-fardrge's rural Commumit
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    Prediction of Rolling Noise Due to Wheel/Rail Interaction
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-03) Hassen, Mohammed; Tollossa, Deberie (Mr.)
    Noise, caused by the interaction of steel wheel rolling on the steel rail is always present. The noise radiated by the railway system has significant influences on both passengers inside the trains and the residents along the railway lines. To overcome this problem, first we have to predict the noise level by applying and varying different parameters, like wheel load, materials of the wheel and rail, operating speed and so on. But in this paper i mainly consider only train operating speed to predict the noise generated between the contacting surfaces which is obtained from the contact pressure. The objective of this research is to predict the noise generated between wheel/rail by applying different operating speed. The maximum contact pressure during the operation of the train is used to predict the noise level. This research is done by developing the 3D model using CATIA V5 R16, simulation using ANSYS v14.5 and analytical calculation. In this research, the value of average maximum contact pressure obtained by simulation of ANSYS software on the whole area of ellipse (contact patch) is 511.7 . This is due to the operating speed 80km/h and the minimum contact pressure on the whole area of ellipse is 351.68 Mpa when the operating speed is 60km/h, the corresponding sound pressures are 268.15 dB and 264.9 dB respectively. From the results, high speed is the cause of high contact pressure and this high contact pressure is the cause of high noise.