Browsing by Author "Hassen, Fatuma (PhD)"

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    Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Medical laboratory professionals on use of Internal Quality Control (IQC) for Clinical Laboratory Tests among Selected Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-05) Mamuye, Dereje; Hassen, Fatuma (PhD)
    Background: Internal quality control (IQC) is designed to detect, reduce, and correct deficiencies in a laboratory's internal analytical process prior to the release of patient results, in order to improve the quality of the results reported by the laboratory. As different studies indicated, 5% to 10% of laboratories are deficient in IQC practices, including IQC frequency, use of appropriate material, and statistical processing. Understanding what medical laboratory professionals know about IQC, their thinking about it and their actual practice of what they know will help to design solutions for improving quality of medical laboratory service. Objective: To assess Knowledge, altitude and practices (KAP) of medical laboratory professionals on the use of IQC for laboratory tests among selected Health centers. Methods: Cross sectional study design was employed from December 2013 to May, 2014 to assess KAP of IQC for laboratory tests on 175 medical laboratory professionals working in 30 selected health centers in Addis Ababa. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 soft ware. Descriptive statistics was computed for most of the study variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations with dependent and independent variables; crude and adjusted odds ratios were used to see the strength of the association and control for confounder‟s effect. P values less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Result: From a total of 175 study participant majorities (81.7 %) had better Knowledge about preparing in house made IQC and 18.3 % have no knowledge about it.. All in all 98 (68.5%) of the study participants did not face failed result for IQC while 45 (31.5%) had faced failed result. And their decision for failed IQC result was 21(46.6%) immediately reject whereas 24 (53.3 %) of them would repeat the test before rejecting the result. When study participant's feeling was classified as bad, good, very good and excellent, 4 (2.3%) had bad, 79(45.1%) had good, 38 (21.7%) had very good and 54(30.9%) have excellent attitude towards IQC. About 32 (18.3%) of the study participants had never performed IQC while 143(81.7%) of them declared that they perform IQC. However, only 49.1% had documented their IQC result and the remaining 50.9% have no document. Regarding frequency of IQC, 64 (57.6%) of them perform IQC per batch, 24 (21.6%) daily, 6 (5.4 %) monthly and 17(15.3%) claimed performing IQC weekly. And over all 53(47.8%) of the respondents accepted this frequency Major reason for not performing IQC for laboratory tests in this study were work load, difficulty of IQC materials to prepare for some routine tests, cost of IQC materials, lack of supply, lack of staff members. The major factors for good IQC practice in this study were educational level, work experience, participation in SLMTA program. Taking LQM training, however, had no significant association both with Knowledge as well as IQC practice. Conclusion: The study demonstrates good IQC knowledge and attitude which is not translated into an equivalent practice as demonstrated by poor documentation. Working in a laboratory which participates in SLMTA has a positive association while LQM training has no significant association with IQC knowledge and practice. Hence, practice focused training as well as motivation activities are needed to promote the use IQC and reduce rate of error for laboratory results
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    Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Blood Glucose Monitoring among Diabetic’s Patients Attending at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Teaching and Referral Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Yirsaw, Kidist; Hassen, Fatuma (PhD)
    Back ground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, due to absolute or relative deficiency or diminished effectiveness of circulating insulin. Diabetes is becoming a serious public health problem and it requires continuous medical care, patients' self-management to reduce the risk of long-term complications. The most important objective of monitoring is the assessment of overall glycemic control and initiation of appropriate steps in a timely manner to achieve optimum control. Objective: To assess the knowledge attitude and practice of diabetic patients in blood glucose level monitoring at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Teaching and Referral hospital (TASTRH). Methodology: Facility based cross- sectional study was conducted from June 2015 to October 2015 at the outpatient diabetic clinic, TASTRH. Medical records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 422 diabetic patients were selected using convenient sampling techniques. Structured questionnaires including checklist have been used to collect data. On-the-spot assessment of HbA1-c was performed for 95 study participants by using systematic sampling techniques to confirm diabetic patient’s practice. Statistical soft-ware SPSS version 20 had been used for data entry and analysis. Results: Among study subjects the levels of knowledge were good in 61.8 % and poor in 38.2 % of diabetic patients. The levels of attitude were also described accordingly as positive for 80.6% and negative for 19.4 % of diabetic patients. The levels of practice of study subjects were found to be good in 47.6 % and poor in 52.4% of diabetic patients. Knowledge and practices had a significant association with educational level and duration of therapy but attitude had a significant association with age. Among 95 study subjects 15.8% of the participants had good glycemic control of HbA1-c value < 6.5% and 84.2% of participants had poor glycemic control of HbA1-c value ≥6.5%. There was no significant association between HbA1-c value with knowledge and attitude scores but association was found between HbA1-c value and practice score, similarly no significant association was found between HbA1-c with body mass index and hypertension but significant association was found between HbA1-c and complications of study participants.
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    Prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen and KAP Towards HBV Infection, among pregnant women Attending Selected Antenatal Clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Bayuh, Fikremariam; Hassen, Fatuma (PhD)
    Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly contagious virus which is 50-100 times more infectious than HIV but have similar mode of transmission. Chronic HBV infection remains a major health threat. The prevalence of HBV infection among an antenatal population may be a reliable indicator of HBV prevalence rate in the general population. However, the knowledge, attitude, practice and the prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women are not studied well in developing countries like Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the magnitude of Hepatitis B surface antigen and level of knowledge, attitude practices related to Hepatitis B infection among pregnant women attending three Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from March to May 2014 among pregnant women attending selected Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 260 pregnant women were included in the study. Volunteer participants were asked to complete a questionnaire, and offered testing for HBsAg infection. The Health Centers were selected based on convenience sampling technique. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Chi square test and odds ratios were used to determine association between dependent and independent variables. Levels of statistical significance were determined at P value < 0.05. Result: Of the total of 254 screened pregnant women, 4.7% were positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence (8.7%) was observed among 30-34 age groups, among self employed (6.7%), in those with primary education (7.6%), and those having three children (6.5%). However, there was no statistically significant association between the prevalence of HBsAg and socio demographic characteristics P > 0.05. Out of 254 participants, 138(60.8%) were related the poor knowledge range. Poor knowledge were seen apparent in responses to questions relating to, 28.7% they have heard of a disease termed as hepatitis B, only 18.9 believed that HBV is viral disease, 12.2% know symptom of the Hepatitis B and 18.9% that transmission can occur from mother to child during pregnancy. Educated participant had more knowledge about the HBV and were reduce risk of HBV infected. [AOR=0.13; 95%CI, 0.04-0.52, P=0.004] and those with better knowledge were three times more likely to be tested for HBV [AOR=2.83; 95%CI, 1.3-6.1 P= 0.00]. Majority of the respondents 214 (84.3%) believe that they can never get infected with HBV, 11.8% stated that they will go to traditional healer to get treated for HB. 125 (49.2%) agreed to consult a physician as their first choice of treatment as a good attitude towards the virus. The overall negative practice were 57.3%, 219 (86.2%) never had HBV screening and 248 (97.6%) stated a negative immunized status against HB and 239(94.1%) have never attended any health educational program on HB. But, 198 (79.0%) participants agreed that they will go for further investigation and treatment if they are infected with HB. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of HBsAg was 4.7%. The overall good knowledge of the participants was 39.2%, low responses were seen attitude related questions and good practice was 42.7%. Although Hepatitis is recognized to be one of the major health problems, these findings indicate a lack of understanding about control and the prevention of HB. Therefore, public health measures must include regular health education. Key Words: HBsAg, Seroprevalence, KAP, Pregnant women.
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    Utilization of External Quality Assessment in Case of proficiency test at Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Gurmessa, Ashebir; Hassen, Fatuma (PhD)
    Back ground:-Participating in proficiency testing ( PT) is crucial for clinical laboratories to evaluate their gaps based on the feedback from PT providers, and taking corrective action should used to improve the quality of service provisions. Objective:- The objectives of this study was to evaluate the utilization and challenges of RBC, 56.6% for SGOT, 44.4% for SGPT,75% for Syphilis, 75.4% for Total bilirubine, 79.2% for Urea, 39.9% for WBC was identified in this study. Conclusion:- PT is not utilized effectively among 12 governmental hospital laboratories in Addis Ababa through 6 cycles. There are challenges for effective utilization of PT (the major identified challenges was knowledge gap, poor staff commitment ,equipment down and reagent out of stock) so stakeholders and collaborators need to resolve or minimize the challenges for effective utilization of the coming PT. Key words:- Panel Test, EQA, Utilization, Participation rate, Trend of analytical score proficiency test panel in government hospitals at Addis Ababa. Method:- Retrospective study was conducted among 12 government hospitals laboratories in Addis Ababa, who had been participated in proficiency tasting schemes for 20 clinical laboratory test parameters in 6 cycles from 2012 to 2013 G.C. Data on institutional performance and test results plus problems of each parameter participation were extracted from proficiency test feedback reports stored at the data base of Ethiopian Public Health Institute(EPHI). Focused group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview were used to assess the major challenges of institution participating PT. Trend of analytical performance scores of institutions in six cycles was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Likewise, qualitative data obtained through the focus group discussion and in-depth interview were classified in major thematic areas and summarized accordingly. Result:- A total of 12 hospital participated, of these 5(41.7%) owned by federal ministry of health and 4(33.3%) were under Addis Ababa Regional health Bureau plus 3(25.0%) were uniformed service hospitals. A total of 12 laboratories participated in all six cycles of 20 test parameters panel tests. The overall acceptable analytical performance score was 2643 of 6984 PT challenges (37.85%) and the overall participation rate throughout the 6 cycle was645 of 1440 (44.7%). Of reviewed performance of 20 analyte in six cycle, the total failure rate participant institution was 4341 of 6984 PT challenges(62.15%) Of which , 2880 of 6984(41.23%)of the observed EQA failures occurred in 4 of the 12 laboratories. EQA fail rates among the 12 laboratories were 63.8% for AFB,50% for ALP,48.6% for CD4, 68.1% for creatinine,75% for Direct bilirubine,88.9% for gram stain,68.1% for HBsAg,76.3% for HCV,44.5% for Hgb, 51.4% for HIV, 55.6% for morphology identification,82.7% for parsitology,38.9% for PLT, 50.0% for