Browsing by Author "Hassen, Ali(PhD)"

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    hold Food Security, Constraints and Strategies Among Borana Pastoral Communities of Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2011-06) W/Yesus, Mekonnen; Hassen, Ali(PhD)
    The main objective of this study was to examine the food security situation, the various constraints of food security and the coping strategies of Borana Pastoral communities. Eighty six households were taken as samples from two communities using stratified sampling techniques. Qualitative and quantitative research approaches were employed to extract the necessary information needed for the study. Data were gathered both from primary and secondary sources through specific research methods such as key informant interview, focus group discussion, case studies, observation and household survey. Data were organized, analyzed and presented using frequency table, percentages, graphs and template box. The study uses livelihood frame work for analysis. The finding of the research shows that the livelihood of Borana pastoralist depends on livestock production by merging pasture and water resources. This is supported with dry land crop farming and non- farm activities. The income from livestock and crop production is the highest for the rich and the medium and the smallest for the poor and the destitute households. The poor and destitute households also engage in non-farm activities such as FFW, charcoal and firewood sell to raise income. Adverse ecological trend on the rangeland resources over many decades has inflicted a remarkable decline in livestock resources and crop yield and eventually put households into food insecurity. The finding also reveals that the majority of households are non self-sufficient in food and food insecure and poorly nourished. The rich and some medium income households are food self sufficient and food secured on regular bases while the poor and the destitute households faced food shortage for most of the years. The meal composition of all wealth classes is very poor and mainly dominated by maize and black tea for most of the year except the wealth classes who have the capacity to diversify the meal composition. The recurring of drought which cause the shortage of pasture, water and decline in yield and crop failure is the main constraints responsible for food insecurity .Poor input provision and absence of credit and extension service have discouraged expansion of crop farm. The poor socio-economic development and absence of clear land use practices and policy and low income/low opportunities of job for the poor further deepen household food insecurity through hindering households’ access to assets. Therefore, it is suggested that there is an urgent need to improve the livelihood of the people through protecting the existing household resources from further depletion, asset creation and provision of input and financial credit service and socio-economic infrastructure development. Above all, the implementation of disaster risk reduction and mitigation measures in line with indigenous drought coping response of pastoralists and conservation of environmental resources is quite relevant strategies to achieve sustainable livelihood and food security
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    Potential of Cooperatives in Empowering the Rural Women. The case of Chell ala Rural Saving and Credit Cooperative Union, Sidama Zone, SNNPR
    (Addis Ababa Univerisity, 2010-06) Eliyas, Abiyot; Hassen, Ali(PhD)
    Women empowerment, as a policy approach, uses different mechanisms to empower women; out of wh ich organizing women into cooperatives is attracting the attention of many organizations. Thus the study aimed at investigating the roles of cooperati ves III empowenng women. For the study, four primary soc ieties from the members of Challe la Rural Sav ing and Credit Cooperative Union were selected. Among thcse 10% of the households were selected for the survey. In addition, FGDs and key informant interviews werc also used to collect the necessary data. The fi ndings of the study indicated that cooperatives provide saving and crcdit services that enable the women to start income generating activities. As a result, women's average yearly income is increased. Moreover, they own different assets like house, grain mi ll, farm cquipments and different types of li vestock. In addition, their access to information, food , health and education has improved. However, low participation of women, lack of proper coordination and training are the major challenges in the cooperati ves.