Browsing by Author "Hanna Kiflu"

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    Assessment of cognitive function and associated factors among Parkinson’s disease patients and control group using IDEA cognitive screen, TASH, A.A, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-14) Hanna Kiflu; Seid Ali; Getahun Mengistu
    Background: The global prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is on the rise and is expected to reach nearly 9 million cases by 2030. Cognitive impairment (CI), which encompasses both dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), represents a common complications of PD that carry significant clinical consequences. About 40% of individuals with PD develop dementia—this rate is six times greater than that of age-matched healthy peers. The Identification of Dementia in Elderly Africans (IDEA) cognitive screen is a concise, multi dimensional assessment tool created to tackle the educational bias seen in other cognitive screening instruments used in sub-Saharan Africa. This research evaluates cognitive ability in PD patients utilizing the validated IDEA cognitive screen. In our clinical environment, there is a need for routine cognitive impairment screening among PD patients. This need arises from the lengthy and education-biased nature of currently available validated cognitive assessment tools. Conversely, the IDEA screen is a brief cognitive assessment that is practical for implementation in busy tertiary hospitals such as TASH. Objective: To assess cognitive function and associated factors among Parkinson’s disease patients and baseline characteristics matched control group using IDEA cognitive screen, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted using systematic random sampling on 150 PD patients and on 150 baseline-matched control group; age, sex, educational level & comorbidity at TASH from September to December 2024. Data were collected using pretested questionnaires and the IDEA cognitive tool by trained neurology residents & general practitioners. The data was cleaned, edited, entered, and analyzed using SPSS version 30. A non parametric regression model was employed to determine factors associated with cognitive function impairment. Results: Among 150 PD patients, 3.3% met the criteria for probable dementia and 9.3% for possible dementia based on IDEA screening. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in the PD group was 9.9% higher than in the matched control group. The median IDEA score was significantly lower in PD patients (12.4 ± 2.25) compared to controls (13.31 ± 1.53). Among PD patients, median IDEA scores declined progressively with older age and lower educational attainment. Illiteracy emerged as the sole significant predictor of cognitive impairment in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: In this study, IDEA revealed probable or possible dementia in 12.6% of PD patients versus 2.7% of controls, reflecting a fourfold higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in PD. Illiteracy was the sole significant predictor of dementia in PD patients, highlighting residual educational bias despite IDEA’s design for low-literacy settings. Key suggestions from the study iv include developing education-stratified IDEA cutoffs for urban LMIC populations, validating IDEA against PD-specific diagnostic tools, improving healthcare-seeking behavior among PD patients, and supplementing IDEA with PD-focused cognitive screens to better capture PD associated mild cognitive impairment. Further research, such as multicenter stu