Browsing by Author "Hana Tadesse"

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    Evaluation of the Feeding Value of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicken
    (Addis Abeba University, 2022) Hana Tadesse; Prof.Gebreyohannes Berhane; Dr.Etalem Tesfaye
    A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) on the feed intake, growth performance and carcass characteristics of Cobb-500 chickens at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC). The experiment was conducted for 56 days. The experimental diets were formulated containing (0, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) sorghum variety Melkam (SVM) for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. A total of 210 un-sexed day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments. Chemical compositions of feed ingredients were analyzed and body weight (BW), feed intake, carcass characteristics, meat quality parameters and mortality rate were measured and recorded. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and BW changes were calculated from feed intake and BW. The results indicated that inclusion of SVM in to the broiler diet didn’t bring a significant change on the feed intake, BW gain and FCR of chickens in the starter phase (0-21 days of age). However, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed among the treatments in FCR, average daily BW gain (ADG) and BW change of broiler chickens in the finisher phase (22-56 days of age). The FCR and BW change were increased in a diet containing high level (40 and 50%) of SVM. The carcass yield, weight of vital organs and cut up parts of broiler chicken did not differ (P>0.05) significantly due to variations of sorghum level in the diet. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference among all the treatment groups in economic analysis. There was significant (P<0.05) difference in net income (NI) between treatments, and the highest net profit per bird was found on a broiler diet containing 50% SVM. From this study it can be concluded that SVM could be economically and safely included in to the broiler diets up to 50% as alternative energy source to maize
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    Investigation of Arthropods and Their Associated Protozoal and Bacterial Pathogens from Apparently Healthy Dogs and Cats in Four Selected Districts of Southern Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023) Hana Tadesse; Prof. Bersissa Kumsa; Prof.Rudi Cassini
    Dogs and cats are known to host several vector-borne diseases with zoonotic potential; however, little information is available on the epidemiology of these diseases in Ethiopia. The present study aims to investigate the diversity of arthropods and molecular identity of protozoal and bacterial vector-borne diseases in dogs and cats in selected districts of Gamo zone. Cross-sectional study design was used to determine the prevalence of arthropods and vector-borne diseases. Real-time and/or end-point PCR were used to identify vector-borne diseases. A total of 297 dogs and 110 cats were included for ectoparasites and blood samples. Questionnaires were applied for 290 dog and cat owners to obtain information concerning owner’s knowledge about arthropods and vector-borne diseases. The overall prevalence of ticks, fleas and lice in dogs was 36.7%, 69.7% and 4.7%, respectively. Ectoparasite prevalence on dogs was as follows: fleas (Ctenocephalides felis (C. felis) (69.4%), Echidnophaga gallinacea (E. gallinacea) (1.3%), Ctenocephalides canis (C. canis) (1.0%), and Pulex irritans (P. irritans) (0.3%)), ticks (Amblyomma variegatum (A. variegatum) (22.9%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (R. sanguineus) (14.1%), Haemaphysalis leachi (H. leachi) (8.8%), Rhipicephalus praetextatus (R. praetextatus) (4.0%), and Rhipicephalus pulchellus (Rh. pulchellus) (3.4%)), lice (Heterodoxus spiniger (H. spiniger) (4.0%) and Trichodectes canis (T. canis) (0.7%)) were identified. Blood samples were collected from a total of 273 dogs and then analyzed by real-time and/or end-point PCR for VBDs. The results of the study showed that Hepatozoon canis (H. canis) was the most prevalent pathogen (53.8%), followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocythophilum) (7.0%), Babesia canis rossi (B. canis rossi) (3.3%), Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) (2.6%) and Anaplasma platys (A. platys) (2.2%). Furthermore, five samples tested positive for Borrelia spp., identified as B. afzelii (n = 3) and B. burgdorferi (n = 2), and two samples for Rickettsia spp., identified as R. conorii (n = 1) and R. monacensis (n = 1). On cats the prevalence of ticks was 2.7% and fleas was 21.8%. Fleas (C. felis (15.5%), and E. gallinacea (7.3%)) tick (H. leachi (2.7%)) was identified from cats. In cats, among Hepatozoon spp., H. felis (n=24; 21.8%) is the more widespread pathogen followed by H. ingwe (n=7; 6.4%), H. lluiperdije (n=7; 6.4%) and H. canis (n=1; 0.9%). Babesia leo (n=1; 0.9%) was identified from one cat. Eight cats were positive for bacterial pathogens, specifically Bartonella spp., (n=2; 1.8%) and Rickettsia spp., (n=6; 5.5%). All cats were negative for Cytauxzoon spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Borrelia spp. Abundance of C. felis, in dogs was significantly higher (p<0.001), while E. gallinacea was significantly more abundant in cats (p=0.002). Ectoparasite occurrence on dogs varied with different factors. A high prevalence of tick infestation was recorded in urban areas (p=0.020) and in lowlands (p<0.001). Nevertheless, the prevalence of A. variegatum in rural area and midland agroecology was significantly higher (p<0.001). Rhipicephalus Sanguineus prevalence was higher in urban areas (<0.001) and in dogs which lives in indoor environment (p=0.003). H. leachi prevalence was significantly higher in midland (p<0.001) and on adult dogs (p=0.001). Fleas are more prevalent in rural (p=0.029) areas compared to urban areas and females was slightly higher infested by fleas than male (p=0.047) dogs. C. felis was more prevalent in female (p=0.038) dogs than males. Around 88.3% owners in the study area had no knowledge about arthropods and VBDs. Majority of the owners (64.8%) never visited veterinary clinics. The findings of A. phagocythophilum and different species of the genera Borrelia and Rickettsia with zoonotic potential from dogs was unexpected and alarming, and calls for further investigation on the roles of dogs and on the tick species acting as vector in this specific context. Other pathogens (H. canis, B. canis rossi, A. platys, and E. canis) are already known to have an important impact on the dogs’ health but have minor zoonotic potential as they were rarely or never reported in humans. Dogs from rural areas were found to be at higher risk for different pathogens, probably due to the presence of other wild canids in the same environment. Moreover, most of the pathogens reported in the studied cat population were identified for the first time in the country. In conclusion, the findings of the present study contribute to a better knowledge of dog and cat ectoparasites and on the epidemiology of associated vector-borne pathogens, in most cases relevant to human and animal health. Therefore, the data presented in this study are important for building new knowledge and this give rise to awareness creation and strengthening veterinary services for companion animals.
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    Yellow Gender issues in ''Land of the Bull'' and ''Dertogada''
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-05) Hana Tadesse; Dr. Olga Yazbec
    The main of this study; aspects of gender issues in Land of the yellow bull and Dertogada, is to show gender related issues observed in both novels. To succeed the main objective of the study the research answers perceptions of male characters towards female characters, gender based problems faced by the characters, and what inequality effects has an influence on interactions between male and female. More importantly, the research examines gender roles, relations, and occupational differences, in Land of the yellow bull and Dertogada. The study is conducted based on textual analysis of the novels; hence, the researcher provides selective and relevant extracts from the novels for analysis part. The status of men and women of Ethiopia is stated under the Background of the study and the relevance of studying the aspects of gender issues is given in the first chapter. MA theses is based on gender and on the selected novels have been reviewed to confirm that this research is differ from the other studies on the same title. In conceptual frame works detailed and brief explanations on the main concept of gender and gender related issues discussed by distinguished scholars were given. The usual features of gender issue aspects which are dealt with the experience of women in the world especially in developing countries. From them cultural stereotype, gender relation, character stereotype, intimacy between men and women, marriage relation, gender equality, and women's assertiveness are the themes that have been explored in the selected novels. Finally, the researcher concluded the overall concepts that were raised in the previous chapters. As it has been analyzed in the analysis part; the performance and acceptance of women in civilized and uncivilized society is different. Uncivilized or rural peoples are conservative to their culture and identity. They are honest for the practices and cultures they developed from their fore-fathers. Even though, they have a big place for both sexes, their rules and cultures have side to the men and will not be accepted by civilized or literate peoples. On the other side, women's contribution with equal opportunity to do everything, freedom of speech and intelligent and innovative mind and its result is shown on the other novel Dertogada.