Browsing by Author "Hailu Tesfaye"

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    Optimization of Underutilized Public Sanitation Unit, the Case of Wurerber, South-East Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-09) Biniyam Belete; Hailu Tesfaye
    The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and find the architectural values, which use for optimization of Public Sanitation Unit (PSU). The PSU project, in this thesis, was designed and constructed in Wurerber Kebele, in south-east Ethiopia. The unit has been serving the community since 2017. The unit has mainly two functions, which are showering and laundry. The general aim of the PSU project was an attempt to construct a water and sanitation infrastructure unit, which can be used as a focal point and a catalyst for activating rural-urban space. Based on an onsite observation, the constructed shower and laundry unit utilization rate, performance, and functionality have low outcomes. This was the core problem of this thesis, which initiates the optimization research on the unit. Therefore, this thesis tries to investigate and find the existing situations and the contributing factors for the reduced utilization rate of the PSU. To obtain an optimized architectural PSU design mixed descriptive type of research method has used in the research. The first part of the research is, defining underutilization and factors affecting PSU, evaluating the existing rate of utilization of the sanitation unit, and finding the opportunities for improvements. In the second part an observational approach for collecting primary data through onsite field observation, questionnaire survey, and interviews are conducted. Besides, Secondary data were collected from published and unpublished works of literature; meanwhile, the research tries to claim a valid statement from triangulating these mixed methods. The third part considers case studies from different sanitation practices to explore publicly accepted sanitation unit trends. The fourth part has the result and finding from the analysis that articulates the problem, which is related to the topological and geometrical aspects of the unit. The functional, technical, behavioral and managerial values are found as the pillars to affect the underutilization of PSU in Wurerber Kebele. Finally, the research finds and concludes an architectural intervention based on the four values is certain to obtain an optimal architectural design. Because underrating these values the PSU could bring adverse impact on the underutilization of the unit. Optimization of these values will increase the usage and at the same time the public acceptance of the PSU. Keywords: Public sanitation unit (PSU), Optimization, Values, Rate, Underutilization
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    Potentials of Household Organic Solid Waste for Urban Agriculture in Condominium Housing Area: The Case of “Basha Wolde-Chilot” Condominium, Addis Ababapotentials of Household Organic Solid Waste for Urban Agriculture in Condominium Housing Area: The Case of “Basha Wolde-Chilot” Condominium, Addis Ababa
    (EiABC, 2019-01) Adugna Tsion; Getachew Belay; Hailu Tesfaye
    Open spaces near communal housing areas are among one of the urban agricultural components for the urban environment, but the soil in these open spaces has been affected by different types of waste. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of organic solid waste (OSW) on the households to restore the disturbed soil, contribute to urban agriculture and provide recommendations to prevent environmental pollution caused byOSW. Like many developing countries, Addis Ababa generates a significant amount of OSW with substantial contributions from households. The generated OSW, which is being sent to the landfill sites have been burning the ground, unpleasant odors, environmental pollution, groundwater pollution, vegetation damage, affect biodiversity (Justyna & Pitchayan,2016). Condominium housing in Addis Ababa consists a large number of households (depend on the design starting from G+2 -G+12) with small plots that tend to generate a large amount of OSW. The “Basha Wolde-Chilot” condominium site that is chosen for this thesis for the reason that it contains three types of Solid Waste Management (SWM) system (vertical trash Shute , free stand metal garbage, and Trash bag(madabria) at their home),condominiums that are the same typology, manageable block number, and near to the Riverside. The survey was applied to ten building that is determined by Taro Yamane’s sampling method. Before the survey, the researcher provided colored trash bags (“madaberia”) for residents in organic,plastic and other types waste categories followed by an awareness session on waste separation. Afterward, the researcher conducted a field investigation, on-site waste characterization and measured the waste at the block in two different collection days. According to “Basha Wolde-Chilot” waste characterization, the average waste consists of84.1% organic, 3.4 % plastic and 12.5% other materials. From this figure, themost substantial amount is organic solid waste that could be recycled and generate compost. The“Basha Wolde-Chilot” site generates 87,048 kg of organic solid waste every year and send it to the landfill that contributes to the pollution of the environment quality deterioration, worsening of groundwater quality, poor air quality from emitted gases and noxious odors, and worsening climate change impact. From this figure, we can understand that by failing to process waste, the site loses 10,881 kg compost every year. But this 10,881kg compost has the potential of restoring the disturbed soil and providing fertilizer for 28,307m2 vegetation production,5,348m2 for attractive, aromatic and medicinal plant and for than 200 tree and shrubs for the “Basha Wolde-Chilot” condominium site community. In conclusion, if the organic solid waste gets separated at the source (providing garbage Shute), recycled, composted and merge to the condominiums green space, it will provide significant input for the environment as well as for the residents. The application of compost may vary according to the users need
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    Voltammetric Behavior of Lead(lI) at N-p-Chlorophenylcinhamohydroxamic Acid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 1999-06) Hailu Tesfaye; Chandravanshi B.S. (PhD)
    A sensitive and selective method for the determination of lead(ll) with N-pchlorophenylcinnamohydroxamic acid modified carbon paste electrode has been developed. The iead(ll) is accumulated on the electrode surface by the formation of the complex in an open-circuit/ and the resulting surface is characterized by medium exchange, potential reduction, and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The electrochemical response was evaluated with respect to carbon paste composition,pH and concentration of accumulating and stripping solutions, preconcentration time, lead(ll) concentration, and other variables. Two linear ranges were obtained in the concentration ranges 1.00 x 10-6 - 2.40 x 10'5MPb(ll) with 2 min preconcentration time and 2.00 x 10-8 - 1.00 x 10’6MPb(ll) with 6 min preconcentration time. The detection limit was found to be 1.00 x 10 s M with 6 min preconcentration time. For six preconcentration/medium exchange/voltammetric determination/renewal cycles, the differential pulse voltammetric response was reproduced with 5.3% and 4.9% relative standard deviations at 4.00 x 10*6Mand 8.00 x 104MPb(ll), respectively. Rapid and convenient renewal allows the use of a single modified electrode surface in multiple analytical determinations over several weeks. Many coexisting metal ions had little or no effect on the determination of lead(ll). The developed method was applied to lead determination in potable water