Browsing by Author "Hailu, Tesfaye"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of Intestinal Parasites in the Effluent Slurry of Toilet-Linked Biogas Digesters
    (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2006) Hailu, Tesfaye; Mekonnen, Yalemtsehay(PhD)
    Five toilet-linked biogas digesters working with in the range of ambient temperature were assessed to detennine the presence of intestinal parasites in the effiuent slurry considering the four seasons. These were in Addis Ababa (at Asko, Lidcta and BisrateGebriel), at Fitche and Awassa. Retention days were dctcnnined through recording the flow rate of influent slunies. Eggs of intestinal parasites of the influent and effluent slurry from the di gesters were identified by taking samples when the influent channeled into the digester at the mixing pit and effiueDt slurry away through the reservoir for each season.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Optimization of Underutilized Public Sanitation Unit, the Case of Wurerber, South-East Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-09) Belete, Biniyam; Hailu, Tesfaye
    The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and find the architectural values, which use for optimization of Public Sanitation Unit (PSU). The PSU project, in this thesis, was designed and constructed in Wurerber Kebele, in south-east Ethiopia. The unit has been serving the community since 2017. The unit has mainly two functions, which are showering and laundry. The general aim of the PSU project was an attempt to construct a water and sanitation infrastructure unit, which can be used as a focal point and a catalyst for activating rural-urban space. Based on an onsite observation, the constructed shower and laundry unit utilization rate, performance, and functionality have low outcomes. This was the core problem of this thesis, which initiates the optimization research on the unit. Therefore, this thesis tries to investigate and find the existing situations and the contributing factors for the reduced utilization rate of the PSU. To obtain an optimized architectural PSU design mixed descriptive type of research method has used in the research. The first part of the research is, defining underutilization and factors affecting PSU, evaluating the existing rate of utilization of the sanitation unit, and finding the opportunities for improvements. In the second part an observational approach for collecting primary data through onsite field observation, questionnaire survey, and interviews are conducted. Besides, Secondary data were collected from published and unpublished works of literature; meanwhile, the research tries to claim a valid statement from triangulating these mixed methods. The third part considers case studies from different sanitation practices to explore publicly accepted sanitation unit trends. The fourth part has the result and finding from the analysis that articulates the problem, which is related to the topological and geometrical aspects of the unit. The functional, technical, behavioral and managerial values are found as the pillars to affect the underutilization of PSU in Wurerber Kebele. Finally, the research finds and concludes an architectural intervention based on the four values is certain to obtain an optimal architectural design. Because underrating these values the PSU could bring adverse impact on the underutilization of the unit. Optimization of these values will increase the usage and at the same time the public acceptance of the PSU. Keywords: Public sanitation unit (PSU), Optimization, Values, Rate, Underutilization
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    POTENTIALS OF HOUSEHOLD ORGANIC SOLID WASTE FOR URBAN AGRICULTURE IN CONDOMINIUM HOUSING AREA: THE CASE OF “BASHA WOLDE-CHILOT” CONDOMINIUM, ADDIS ABABA
    (EiABC, 2019-01) Adugna, Tsion; Getachew, Belay; Hailu, Tesfaye
    Open spaces near communal housing areas are among one of the urban agricultural components for the urban environment, but the soil in these open spaces has been affected by different types of waste. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of organic solid waste (OSW) on the households to restore the disturbed soil, contribute to urban agriculture and provide recommendations to prevent environmental pollution caused by OSW. Like many developing countries, Addis Ababa generates a significant amount of OSW with substantial contributions from households. The generated OSW, which is being sent to the landfill sites have been burning the ground, unpleasant odors, environmental pollution, groundwater pollution, vegetation damage, affect biodiversity (Justyna & Pitchayan, 2016). Condominium housing in Addis Ababa consists a large number of households (depend on the design starting from G+2 -G+12) with small plots that tend to generate a large amount of OSW. The “Basha Wolde-Chilot” condominium site that is chosen for this thesis for the reason that it contains three types of Solid Waste Management (SWM) system (vertical trash Shute , free stand metal garbage, and Trash bag(madabria) at their home), condominiums that are the same typology, manageable block number, and near to the Riverside. The survey was applied to ten building that is determined by Taro Yamane’s sampling method. Before the survey, the researcher provided colored trash bags (“madaberia”) for residents in organic,plastic and other types waste categories followed by an awareness session on waste separation. Afterward, the researcher conducted a field investigation, on-site waste characterization and measured the waste at the block in two different collection days. According to “Basha Wolde-Chilot” waste characterization, the average waste consists of 84.1% organic, 3.4 % plastic and 12.5% other materials. From this figure, the most substantial amount is organic solid waste that could be recycled and generate compost. The“Basha Wolde-Chilot” site generates 87,048 kg of organic solid waste every year and send it to the landfill that contributes to the pollution of the environment quality deterioration, worsening of groundwater quality, poor air quality from emitted gases and noxious odors, and worsening climate change impact. From this figure, we can understand that by failing to process waste, the site loses 10,881 kg compost every year. But this 10,881kg compost has the potential of restoring the disturbed soil and providing fertilizer for 28,307m2 vegetation production,5,348m2 for attractive, aromatic and medicinal plant and for than 200 tree and shrubs for the “Basha Wolde-Chilot” condominium site community. In conclusion, if the organic solid waste gets separated at the source (providing garbage Shute), recycled, composted and merge to the condominiums green space, it will provide significant input for the environment as well as for the residents. The application of compost may vary according to the users need
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Pregnancy Outcomes in HIV Infected and Uninfected Women Attending ANC/PMTCT in Mekelle Town, Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-05) Hailu, Tesfaye; Enquoselassie, Fikre(PhD)
    Background : Birth weight is a powerful predictor of infant survival, growth, long-term health and psychosocial development. Low birth weight has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as weight at birth of less than 2,500 grams. Low birth weight (LBW) is a risk factor for infant mortality, morbidity, growth retardation, poor cognitive development and chronic diseases later in life.HIV infection during pregnancy may have a negative effect on birth weight, preterm birth and still birth. OBJECTIVE : the main objective of this study is to determine the effect of HIV infection on birth outcome. METHODOLOGY: Health facility based comparative cross sectional study was conducted to detrmine the effect of HIV infection on birth outcomes. A pretested data collection form was used to extract data from records of systematically selected pregnant women and their birth outcomes. Data was entered and validated using Epi -Info 3.5.1 for windows. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 for windows. Bivariate analysis using student’s t-test was performed to compare means of continuous variables . Differences in proportions was analyzed using the chi-square test . Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical review committe of the school of public health(SPH) and institutional review board(IRB) of College of Health Science of Addis Ababa University. RESULT: A total number of 711 pregnant women, 237 (33.3%) HIV infected and 474 (66.7%) HIV uninfected and their newborn characteristics was extracted from ANC and delivery registers and analyzed. The overall LBW rate was 11.7%% while mean birth weight was 2953+20.98(SE). Mean birth weight tend to be lower in infants born to HIV infected women compared to HIV uninfected women (2724.78 + 41 grams VS 3064.55 + 22 grams , independent t test , P<0.001). HIV infected women were more likely to have preterm births (OR = 1.534, 95% CI; 1.046, 2.249). Although not statistically significant , HIV infected women had higher proportion of still births (3.4%) compared to HIV uninfected women (1.9%) (X2 =1.47, P = 0.23). CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION: HIV infected pregnant women are at increased risk for preterm birth and lowbirth weight. Therefore, we suggest promoting of HIV infection among reproductive age group
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Velocity Structure of the Upper Crust Beneath the Eastern Plateau
    (Addis Ababa University, 2004-07) Hailu, Tesfaye; Mammo, Dr. Tilahun
    Seismic and geologic sec tions ;'Ire of vi tal irnpor1ancc [0 the vari ous profeSS ional bodies, ins titutio ns and IIlduslrics. They give us an IIl slght on the grounds we a rc lite rally s ta nd lllg Oil. This s tudy has conducted the subsurface Imaging of the c3 r1h \0 a depth of 10 Km on a 98 Kill long seismic pro!ilc lin e. The study was conduc ted starti ng from the foot or the eastern rift margm in to Ihe eas tern pla teau to give us results, which arc a rchetype to the study area