Browsing by Author "Hailu, Kidist"

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    Beta-carotene Retention and Changes in Nutrient Composition and Antinutrient Level of Traditional Foods Prepared from Yellow Maize Variety from Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-01) Hailu, Kidist; Gashu, Dawd (PhD)
    Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health problem in Ethiopia. It affects vision, growth, tissue differentiation, reproduction and immune system. Yellow maize varieties are known to contain high amount of β-carotene and other carotenoid. This study was designed to determine β- carotene retention and changes in nutrient composition and antinutrient level during traditional foods prepared from yellow maize. In addition, β-carotene retention in and acceptability of traditionally prepared foods from a yellow maize variety of high β-carotene content were investigated. Maize varieties were collected from Ethiopian agricultural research institute (Melkasa and Bako center) and Ethiopian seed enterprise (Bahir Dar and Gibie Awash branch). Total carotenoid and β-carotene level were investigated by UV Spectrophotometer (Agilent 8653) and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The nutrient (protein, fat, fiber, ash, carbohydrate, Zn, Fe, Ca) and antinutrient content in raw maize varieties and corresponding traditional foods were determined. In addition, β-carotene level was determined in these foods and their degree of retention was calculated. Sensory quality of the two traditional foods (stiff porridge and unleavened flat bread) was evaluated using seven hendonic scale. The total carotinoid content in the yellow maize varieties ranged from 11.4 (Melkassa 7) to 28.9 μg/g (Melkassa 1).The β-carotene ranged from 1.2 (Gibie Awash) to 3.1 μg/g (Melkasa 1). No carotenoid was detected in the white maize variety (BH 660). There was significant difference (P<0.05) among maize varieties in total caroteniod and β-carotene level. Yellow maize variety contains high amount of β-carotene and total carotenoids than white variety. In addition, its other nutrients and bioavailability of Zn and Fe were comparable to white maize variety. β- carotene level retention in traditional foods was ranged 55.9% for besso to 88.9% for stiff porridge. The level of retention was significantly different (P<0.05) among traditionally prepared foods. Changes in Proximate and mineral composition and antinutrient content of the six type of traditionally processed foods differed significantly (P<0.05) from raw maize (melkasa 1). The selected foods for sensory acceptance analysis stiff porridge (88.9%) and unleavened flat bread (88.3) had highest β-carotene retention. Foods prepared from yellow maize variety were acceptable sensory wise. Promotion of yellow maize varieties is vital to enhance Vitamin A intake and reduce risk of diseases such as cardiovascular and cancer without altering intake of other nutrients. Key words:- VAD; β-carotene; Maize; Retention
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    Groundwater Dynamics in Tributary Streams of Muger and Holota River Catchments
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2016-06) Hailu, Kidist; Azagegn, Tilahun (PhD)
    Integrated hydogeological study using major ion hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotope tools were employed to characterize groundwater dynamics in tributary streams of Muger River Catchments in the north and Holota River Catchments in the south. Hydrogeochemical study reveals that water types vary from early stage of geochemical evolution (CaHCO3 type) to the highest level of geochemical evolution (NaHCO3) and from low TDS to high TDS and NaHCO3 type are observed only in the downstream part of Holota River catchment. In relation to stable isotopes, highly enriched groundwater from deep wells were also observed in the downstream part of Holota River catchment. Radon concentration has been observed in the main Holota River and low in tributary streams. However, Radon concentration is low in main Muger River but high in its tributary streams that flow through acidic rock units. The stable isotopes signature of the deep aquifer in Holota River catchment illustrates that, the groundwater is recharged through long subsurface path relative to the deep aquifers found in Tributary streams of Muger River catchment. Radon signature shows that main Holota River is recharged from the groundwater at some segments whereas it is not the case for Muger River. And finally, groundwater level map together with isotopic signature show that groundwater divide shifts from surface water divide towards Muger River catchment and the groundwater flow converges towards Holota River flow direction. Key Words: Groundwater dynamics, Muger River, Holota River, Stable isotopes, Radon