Browsing by Author "Hailu, Dejene"

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    Anti-ulcer activity of aqueous root extract of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman (Musaceae) in experimental rats
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-07) Hailu, Dejene; Shibeshi, Workineh (PhD); Umer, Shemsu (PhD); Arayaselassie, Mahlet (MD)
    Peptic ulcer is a chronic disease of gastrointestinal system caused by an imbalance between damaging factors and protective factors. Even though many antiulcer drugs used to treat this disease are available, most of these drugs produced undesirable side effects, microbial resistance and danger of drug interactions during therapy. An ethnobotanical study showed that Ensete ventricosum is used for treatment of peptic ulcer but the efficacy and safety are not established. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of aqueous root extract of Ensete ventricosum (E. ventricosum) in experimental rats. The effect of the extract on gastric ulcer was evaluated against indomethacin, ethanol and pyloric ligation-induced ulcer models at doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg. Dose levels were selected based on outcome of acute toxicity study. Pantoprazole at a dose of 40mg/kg was used as a standard drug while distilled water was used as negative control. In indomethacin and ethanol-induced ulcer, pretreatment with aqueous root extract of E. ventricosum significantly reduced level of gastric mucosal ulceration and improved ulcer protection. Furthermore, histopathological findings of rats pretreated with aqueous root extract of E. ventricosum also revealed gastroprotective activity. In pyloric ligation-induced ulcer, administration of E. ventricosum at a dose of 200 and 400mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced both ulcers number and severity scores and histopathological findings also revealed gastroprotective activity of the extract. The extract at a dose of 400mg/kg exerted best ulcer protection (98.53%) which was comparable to standard drug in pyloric ligation-induced ulcer as compared to other models studied. The extract at a dose of 200 and 400mg/kg also displayed antisecretory activity as revealed by significant (p<0.05, p<0.001) reduction in volume, free and total acidity of gastric juice with significant (p<0.05, p<0.001) increment in pH of the gastric juice in both ethanol and pyloric ligation-induced ulcer in dose dependent manner. In conclusion, the aqueous root extract of E. ventricosum showed significant antiulcer activity.
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    Assessment of Pre-Lacteal Feeding Practice and its Associated Factors Among Mothers Having Children Less Than 24 Months of Age in Fitche Town, North Showa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-05) Hailu, Dejene; Argaw, Zeleke (PhD)
    Background: - A pre-lacteal feed is any food except mother’s milk provided to a newborn before initiating breastfeeding. The early introduction of complementary feeds before the age of six months can lead to displacement of breast milk and increased risk of infections such as diarrhea, which further contributes to weight loss and malnutrition. Objective:-The aim of this study was to assess pre-lacteal feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers having children less than 24 months of age in Fitche town, North Shewa, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: - A community based cross-sectional study was conducted at Fitche town from February 1 to March 1, 2016. 327 mothers having children less than 24 months of age were selected by systematic sampling technique. Interviewer administered structured questionnaires was used to collect data. The data was entered using EPI data version 3.1and exported to SPSS version 22 statistical packages for analysis. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with pre-lacteal feeding practices. The variables which had significant association were identified on the bases of P value <0.05 and 95%CI. Results: The prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding practice was 24.4%. The common type of pre- lacteal feeding was plain water; 39(12.2) followed by butter; 25(7.8%). Mothers who didn’t get breast feeding counseling were seven times more likely practice pre-lacteal feeding when compared to their counter parts (AOR: 7.07 (95% CI: 1.67, 29.88)). Mothers who didn’t have knowledge on risk associated with pre-lacteal feeding were 8.56 times more likely practice pre- lacteal feeding as compared to their counterparts(AOR: 8.56 95% CI: 2.65, 27.64)). Conclusion and Recommendation: Prelacteal feeding was commonly practiced in Fitche town. Lack of breast feeding counseling and knowledge of mothers about risk associated with pre- lacteal feeding were identified as potential predictors of pre-lacteal feeding practice. Promoting behavioral change communication activities on the risk associated with prelactal feeding and to provide appropriate counseling on breast feeding practice to the mothers with practical demonstration of how to position the infant during breast feeding. Key Words: - Pre-lacteal feeding, Exclusive breast feeding, Mothers
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    Challenges of urban renewal projects and relocation of people. A case of Kirkos Sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Hailu, Dejene; Abeje, Wondimu Dr.
    Urban renewal is the way of remodeling older parts of urban areas, including their central business areas, by means of rehabilitation and conservation as well as redevelopment. In Addis Ababa, in addition to city beautification, with the demand of land for various development activities in core areas is high and the supply is limited.The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges and prospects of urban renewal projects and relocation of people on the socioeconomic impact of relocated people from Felege Yordanos area. Based on the result of this study, due to the relocation program, 64% of them faced both mental and physical disorder, family disintegration especially children (31%) and the rest 18% has been divorced. Almost all of the respondents were not happy for the relocation oriented development. Further they have said that even if the development is very crucial for our both economic and social benefits, the development should be well planned and deep awareness creation should be done before implementation. The productive activity and business of relocatees‟ were significantly affected due to improper settlement of peoples. Furthermore, major challenges associated with the Kirkos sub city of Felege Yordanos area displaced people became far from proximity to jobs, customers and market places.Thus, it is better to develop the partial area of targeted area first and then shifting the resident to the developed one and then developing the remaining area of the plan.