Browsing by Author "Hailu, Asnake"

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    Attitudinal Survey on High Risk Sexual Behavior (Intervention Strategy) Relevant to Hiviaids With Respect to Gender, age and Educational Level; the Case of Bahir Dar University Students
    (Addis Ababa University, 2001-05) Hailu, Asnake; Yimer, Mekonnen (PhD)
    The purpose of this study was to examine the attitude of Bahir Dar University students towards HIV/AIDS intervention strategy, in abstinence, condom use and faithfulness. 450 students constituted the sample from randomly chosen departments. A questionnaire was used to gather data and a univariate analysis of variance was employed. Gender differences are found to be significant in attitude towards abstinence (females score higher than males). But there is no age and educational level differences observed. With regard to condom use first, second, third and fourth year students were found to be different regardless of their age and gender. In this study where faithfulness was treated as a dependant variable, age and educational level differences were found to be statistically significant. Which means faithfulness, as HIV/AIDS intervention strategy seems to be a likely method for young adults and senior students. In addition to these, all-possible first order interactions between age, gender and educational level were found to be significant. Eventually, policy makers and different organizations working on HIV/AIDS need to teach abstinence as a realistic and feasible intervention strategy. In addition, social marketing agencies and concerned line ministries need to clear out all the suspicions individuals have and give the reality of condom use (both the drawback and advantages).
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    A Community Based Survey of High- Risk Pregnancies and Determinants of Pre- Eclampsia and Gestational Hypertension in Ada-A District Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 1991-03) Hailu, Asnake
    A population-based cross sectional survey was conducted from April 1990 to March 1991, to measure the magnitude of high risk pregnancies, and to examine the determinant factors for pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension, in Ada-a district. 13 urban kebeles and 13 rural villages were randomly chosen and a house to house survey was conducted based on a pre tested questionnaire and relevant measurements. Information was collected on demographic, socioeconomic, the exposure status for risk factors prior and during the current pregnancy, the usual dietary intake and the usual physical activities during the early months of the current pregnancy, and measurement findings for height, blood pressure and proteinuria. A total of 567 pregnant women were included in the study. Of the 567 pregnant women 28.6% were younger than 20 or older than 34 years. Early marriage below the age of 20 were reported by 85%. 21.7% and 22.2% were Nulliparous and multiparous women respectively. 39.2% were illiterate and 42.9% with a very low income. 14.6% gave a history of abortion, 13.1% of infant deaths, 6.3% of postpartum hemorrhage and 1.1% of antepartum hemorrhage. Abnormal height was recorded in 18.5%, Albuminuria in 11.5% and abnormal diastolic blood pressure in 12.2%, where 2.9% and 9.2% were classified as pre-eclamptic and gestational hypertensive women. 52.3% were not receiving antenatal care services in the district. It was found that pregnant women in the very low category of income had a reduced risk of pre-eclampsia (RR =0.3, 95% CI 0.06, 1.07). And Nulliparous women had a higher risk (RR =5.6, 95% CI 1.83, 15.92 ) . High energy expenditure was observed to be a risk factor for gestational hypertension (RR =5.3,95% CI 1.35 , 45.77). Among the studied pregnant women, those who had at least one of the risk factors were very high (85%) . Antenatal care services were not received by the majority of the pregnant women, especially in the rural area. Relatively young women, with a better education, a better income, in their first pregnancy were at high risk of pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension. strenuous physical exertion and low dietary protein intake during the early months of pregnancy also increased the risk of both pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension. A high dietary calcium intake during the early months of pregnancy increased the risk of pre-eclampsia but not gestational hypertension. The results from this study indicate to increase Family Planning services and appropriate training, and use of community health workers in Ada-a district.
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    Impacts of Adoption of Hidase Improved Wheat variety on Wheat Productivity and Income among Households of Siyadebrina Wayu Woreda, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Hailu, Asnake; Seyoum (PhD), Abrham
    Though, agro ecologically Ethiopia has high potential for wheat production its average productivity is too low compared to the potential productivity and world’s average yield/ha. This is on the one hand due to low yielding cultivars and serious wheat diseases like rusts, and on the other hand low adoption rate of high yielding and rust disease resistant wheat varieties. The study conducted in Siyadebrina Wayu Woreda with the objectives of identifying the determinants of adoption of HIWV, and wheat productivity and income impacts of the adoption on adopter wheat producers, using cross-sectional data of the production year 2017.153 sample hhs (97 treated and 56 controlled households) has been determined. The study used both primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained from a household survey of 153 farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. About 20 variables considered to influence adoption of improved wheat production technology. These are households’ number of oxen, home-farm distance, farm size, extension contact, age of households’ head, households’ labor size, wheat farming experience, market-home distance, farm fertility, livestock ownership, farm slope, income, source of land ,sex of households’ head , level of education of households’ head ,HHs numbers of plots , access to credit , field participation and memberships in associations. Of which the first seven variables that fit to the model were used for running probit model. Five of these variables (except home-farm distance and age of households’ head) found to be significant at 1% and less than 5% level of significance in determining the probability of adoption. The impact of adoption on wheat productivity and income has been assessed using PSM of probit model. According to PSM result: on average wheat productivity in Q/ha of participant households has been increased by 21.9921 Q/ha – 23.543 Q/ha. Similarly on average income from wheat production of participant households has been increased by 37108.031 - 40769.762 ETB. Generally, overcoming credit market failure and particularly providing credit services to farmers that have fewer oxen and slower rate of adoption; Institutional supports including research and extension services providing to the sector and generating/engendering high yielding varieties that resist wheat diseases and maintain high yielding for a long are recommendations of the study to enhance adoption and productivity and income gains of adoption. Key words: Adoption, Impact, HIWV, Wheat Productivity, Income and probit