Browsing by Author "Hagos, Seifu(PhD)"

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    Adequecy of Energy and Nutrient intake among Children aged 6-23 Months in Southern Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2016-03) Bedada, Beshadu; Hagos, Seifu(PhD)
    Background In Ethiopia child malnutrition is the major public health problem as 44% and 10% of children under age five years were stunted and wasted respectively. Intake of complimentary food with inadequate energy and micronutrient density coupeled with inappriopriate child feeding practice remain common problem in Ethiopian infant and young child feeding. Despite the fact that there are number of studies indicating high burden of malnutrition in Ethiopia, energy and nutrient adequacy of complementary foods has not been well studied. Therefore this study is designed to assess the dietary adequacy of energy and micronutrients in complementary foods of children aged 6 -23 months. Objective: To determine the adequacy of energy and nutrient intakes among children aged 6-23 months. Methodology A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Southern Ethiopia from February to March 2016. The samples were selected using simple random sampling method. Data on foods and drinks consumed by children aged 6 – 23 months in the previous 24 hours before interview was collected using repeated multiple pass 24-hour dietary recall method. Nutrient content of food was calculated using food processor (version 8.1). Adequecy of nutrient intake and nutrient density were analysed using STATA 12.1. Prevalence of inadequacy was estimated using IMAPP 1.0. Skewness and kurtosis test were made to test normality of continuous variable. Descriptive statistics was carried out to characterize the study population. Result: One hundred ninety (n=190) mother or care givers of children aged 6 -23 months participated. Grain, roots and tubers were consumed by most of the children (94.68%). Vitamin A rich fruits and vegetable consumed by 71 (37.8%) children. Median protein intake exceed recommended intake for children aged 6 – 11 months and was below recommended intake for children aged 11 -23 months. Median intake of energy from complementary food was below the WHO recommendation for children aged 6 -23 months. Median intakes of micronutrients from complementary food were below the WHO recommendation for children aged 6 – 8 months. For children aged 9 – 11 and 12 -23 months median micronutrient intake from complimentary food were below the requirement except for vitamin B2 and vitamin B6. VII Conclusion: Protein intake from complimentary food was adequate for children aged 6 -11 months old. Energy intake from complimentary food was inadequate for children aged 6 -23 months. Micronutrient intake from complimentary food was inadequate except vitamin B2 and vitamin B6 intake were adequate were adequate for children aged 9 - 23 months. Recommendation: In food inscured area such as this, to enure adequate intake of macro and micro nutrient, nutritional counseling complmented with supplementation of may be needed. Key word inadequate intake, nutrient, energy, children 6-23 month
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    Caregivers Perception, Values and Challenges on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2016-06) Taye, Betelehem; Hagos, Seifu(PhD)
    The nutritional status of children under two years of age is directly affected by infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. To enhance nutrition, health, and development of children aged 6-23 months, the improvement of IYCF practices is crucial. In Ethiopia breastfeeding is not adequate, complementary foods Introduced not on time, and the consumption of animal source food and vitamin A rich food is very low. And inappropriate IYCF practice has negative impact on their growth. The aim of the study was to explore mothers or caregivers’ perception on characteristics of IYC foods and to identify the cultural, behavioral, and psychological aspects of IYCF practice in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study employed Focused Ethnographic Study (FES) and it was conducted in Bole and Yeka Sub-Cities. A priory sampling technique was used to recruit study participants and data was collected in two phases by using in-depth interview and cognitive mapping techniques. A total of 16 participants were involved and thematic analysis was performed for qualitative data. Cerifam and porridge were the core IYC foods in both behavioral and cultural perspectives. Cold/stored foods /left overs are widely considered bad for IYC. Low income coupled with high-priced IYC foods, raising a child by babysitters, and poor appetite of a child were the major challenges that parents faced while raising their IYC. From mothers’ perspective, the health benefit of the food they feed their IYC is crucial and is the main value that influence their decision on IYC food. Caregivers report valuing foods for their contribution to mental development and that improves child's weight. They believe all foods are not equally healthy and foods essential for child health are very expensive. Currently infants and young children routinely receive cereal based foods. Inappropriate feeding practice: feeding below recommendation, feeding leftovers, pre-mastication was identified. Financial problem was the major challenge and the health benefit of food is the main value that influence caregivers’ food choice. Health education and BCC (behavioral change communication) intervention is needed to improve caregivers’ perception and feeding behavior. The government should consider alternative child care. Additional researches needed to evaluate the effect of IYCF practice on IYC nutritional status in urban settings.
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    Child Undernutrition and Infant and Young Child Feeding Indicators: A Secondary Analysis of Edhs 2011
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Demiss, Mastewal; Hagos, Seifu(PhD)
    Background: - Optimal Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices play an important role in reducing early childhood morbidity and mortality, as well as in improving early child growth and development. There are different predictors of child nutritional outcomes like economic and contextual factors. But infant nutritional status (stunting, wasting and underweight) can be associated with an immediate cause such as infant feeding practice. Objectives: To determine the association between WHO core IYCF indicator and different forms of child under nutrition in Ethiopia. Methods: Data from the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic Health Surveys (EDHS), which is nationally representative data, were used. The study subjects were Last born infants and their mothers.Analyses were conducted using multiple linear regression and logisticregression analyses adjusted for the complex survey design of the survey, controllingfor child, maternal and household characteristics.Regression models used the ‘svy’ command in STATA to ensure that standard errors &adjusted for the complex survey design. Result: A total of 3826 children are included in the analysis. After adjusting for possible confounders minimum acceptable diet (AOR 0.39, 95%CI 0.18-0.84) & minimum diet diversity with (AOR 0.48 95% 0.24-0.96) was found to be significantly associated with stunting. Similarly minimum acceptable diet (AOR 0.36, 95%CI 0.13-0.98) & minimum diet diversity (0.33 95%CI (0.12-0.87) was found to be significantly associated with underweight. Among the IYCF indicators only minimum meal frequency (AOR 0.70, 95% 0.51-0.96) was found to be significantly associated with wasting.But exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) had no association with underweight. Conclusion & Recommendation: Achieving Minimum acceptable diet and minimum diet diversity are protective against stunting and underweight. And minimum meal frequency was still protective against wasting. Programmatic interventions that support a focus on complementary feeding and EBF should be implemented.