Browsing by Author "Habtamu Molla"

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    Assessment of Liver Function Tests, Renal Function Tests, Serum Cholinesterase Level, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Horticulture Workers at Tana Flora Floriculture Industry, Bahirdar, Ethiopia,
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-01-01) Habtamu Molla; Abebe Edao; Gobena Dedefo; Mekdes Alem
    Abstract Background: Workers In the Floriculture Industry Are Exposed to Several Pesticide Classes Through Various Routes, Including Skin Contact, Inhalation, And Ingestion. Although Many Pesticides Are Known to Be Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic, There Is No Published Article on the Effect of Pesticides on The Liver and Renal in Ethiopia, particularly in the Amhara Region. Objective: This Study Aims to Asses Liver and Renal Function Tests Among Horticulture Workers at Tana Flora Floriculture, Bahirdar, Ethiopia, 2025. Methods: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Was Conducted from February 8 to May 28, 2025, Involving 51 Floriculture Workers and 51 Residents of Zege Town as Controls. Socio Demographic, Clinical, And Behavioral Data Were Collected Using Structured Questionnaires. 5 Milliliters of Venous Blood Were Drawn to Measure Rfts, Lfts, and Bche Levels on a Cobas 6000 Analyzer. Data Entry Was Done with Epidata 4.7 and Analyzed Using SPSS Version 27. Descriptive Findings Were Presented with Tables and Graphs, While Chi-Square/Fisher Exact Test, T-Tests, And Kruskual-Wallis Test Were Used for Comparisons. Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression Identified Key Determinants, With Significance Set At P<0.05. Result: Floriculture Workers Had Significantly Higher Mean ALT, AST, DBL, Globulin, Urea, Creatinine, And BUN/Creatinine Ratio, But Lower Albumin, A/G Ratio, Bche, And Egfr Than Controls (P<0.05). Workers With >10 Years of Exposure Showed Elevated ALT, AST, TBL, DBL, Globulin, Urea, And Creatinine, And Reduced Albumin, A/G Ratio, And Egfr (P<0.05) Compared to Those With <5 Years of Exposure. Increased Work Duration Was Significantly Associated with Increased ALT, AST, TBL, And Globulin, But Negatively with the A/G Ratio. Increased Age Was Significantly Associated with Increased Creatinine and Decreased Egfr, While Higher BMI Was Associated with Increased Urea and Creatinine. Regular PPE Use (Β = 724.28, P = 0.005) And Periodic Health Checkups (Β = 936.03, P = 0.020) Are Associated with Increased Bche, Whereas Female Sex (Β = –697.99, P = 0.009) And Higher BMI (Β = –203.64, P = 0.002) Are Associated with Low Bche. Overall, 51% Of Workers Had Good Knowledge, 51% Had A Positive Attitude, and 66.7% Had Good Practices Toward Pesticide Exposure. Conclusion: Our Study Found That Floriculture Workers Had Altered Liver Function Tests, Renal Function Tests, and bche levels than Controls, Associated with Pesticide Exposure in the Floriculture Industry. It Depends on the Time of Exposure to Pesticides in the Floriculture Industry. Prolonged Exposure to Pesticides Leads to More Alterations of Liver Function Tests, Renal Function Tests. Utilization of Personal Protective Equipment in Work Area Is Essential to Maintain Normal Bche Level
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    Trade Facilitation and Trade Flows in the Comesa: Case Study of Ethiopia and Kenya
    (A.A.U, 2012-06) Habtamu Molla; Girma Estiphanos
    Trade facilitation is an important aspect and tool for economic development in the co ntext of trade promotion and trade development. Based on this fact, the main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of trade facilitation measures on exports and imports among COMES A countries with special emphasis on trade flows between Ethiopia and Kenya. To achieve this basic objective, an augmented gravity model was analyzed using both descriptive and econometric methods of analysis by using data covering the period of 2004 through 20 I O. The study constructed five indicators of trade facilitation measures from a total of 13 indicators from the Global Competitiveness Report. The basic findings are as follows: The number of trade documents was significantly associated with imports and this clearly shows the barrier posed by the high number of documents required to import. Although the cost of transport and time to import had the expected signs, they were not significantly different from zero. Real GDP and population were associated with the trade flows but the association was weak. Based on these findin gs, there is need for trade and institutional reforms focusing on red ucing the number of customs documents and eventual complete elimination of documents required to import in the COMESA to boost trade flows. Efforts at addressing trade facilitation should also encourage fast tracking of a onetary union so that exchange rate variation effects on trade flows is completely eliminated.