Browsing by Author "Gobena Waktole"

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    Bacteriological Quality of Lettuce and Tomato Associated with Consumer’s Hygienic Practice in Lafto Vegetable and Fruit Market, Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Kedir Tofik; Desta Kassu; Gobena Waktole
    Background:-In the health conscious society of 21st century, vegetables become fundamental portion ofhuman diet. They provide us essential vitamins, dietary fiber,minerals, antioxidants and vitamin C.However, due to its high water solubility and heat sensitivity, the vitamin is vulnerable to loss duringthermal processing. During production, collection, transportation and preparation the vegetables usually contaminated with pathogens from human or animal origin. Particularly vegetables requiring minimal orno further processing before consumption are one of the main sources of food born pathogen. Objective:-This study was conducted to determine the bacteriological quality of lettuce and tomatoassociated with consumer’s hygienic practice in lafto vegetable and fruit market in Addis Ababa city,Ethiopia. Methods:-A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to August 2021 in Lafto vegetable and fruit market in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia. A total of 60 samples of vegetables; 30 samples of lettuceand 30 samples of tomato were purchased, packed in zipper bag and transported to Ethiopian PublicHealth laboratory with the aid of sterilized dish in the ice box.The samples were appropriately diluted,analyzed and calculated for their microbial loads, mean, frequency, percentage and compared withinternational standards.Drug susceptibility test was also done forStaphylococcus aureusandSalmonellaspecies. Results:-Sixty eight percent of total samples had aerobic colony count ≥ 5Log CFU/g; while 57% of samples had total coliform ≥ 4Log CFU/g and 28% of samples had fecal coliform ≥2Log CFU/g whichwere above permissible level for consumption without further processing.E. coli,S.aureus andSalmonellawere isolated from 11%, 16.7% and 5% of total the sample respectively. All S.auresisoletswere sensitive to gentamicin and 80% isolates were sensitive toTetracycline/Chloramphenicol/Erythromycin whereas Ampicillin/Penicillin/Cefoxittine drugs were 100%resistance toS.aureus. Salmonella species isolates were 100% sensitive to Gentamicin and Co-trimoxazoleand 100% resistance to Ampicillin/Tetracycline/Erythromycin. Conclusion:-The present study clearly shows that the bacteriological quality of lettuce and tomato sold inthe market had high level contamination of aerobic colony count, coliforms and Staphylococcus aureusspecies. Therefore vegetables need to be washed and disinfected before consumption.
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    Microbiological Safety of Powdered Infant Formula for Infants below Six Months of Age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-12) Gobena Waktole; Desta Kassu
    Background: In terms of food safety infants are considered to be one of the highest risk groupsbecause their resistantancy system is not wholly developed. Powdered infant formula issued ininstances when breastfeeding is not possible or inadequate as a substitute but it is not acompletely microbial free product and is sometimes a vehicle for certain pathogens likeCronobacter species and others. Objective: the purpose of this work was to determine or evaluate the microbial quality of infantpowdered formula milk for Infants which are lower than six months of age. Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 106 Infant Powdered formula milk samplescollected from Addis Ababa city between March and June 2020 to assess the microbial qualityusing mesophilic aerobic colony count, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and pathogens Salmonellaand Cronobacter species using standard ISO methods at EPHI and SPSS version 20 was used foranalysis and mostly descriptive statistics were employed. Results: Mesophilic aerobic counts were detected in 9.4% (n=20) of the samples.Enterobacteriaceae and total coliforms were detected in 9.4% (n=10) and 7.5% (n=8).Cronobacter species were also detected with a prevalence rate of 5.6% (n=6/106) and noSalmonella species was detected in this study. Conclusion: This study shows that quality parameters and the incidence of the Cronobacterspecies were 5.6% (6/106). These findings are all out of the recommended internationalspecifications by Codex of Alimentarius Commission. Recommendation: The result of this study contributes to the knowledge used in monitoring thehealth problem of infants that come from PIF milk contamination. It will raise the producers andhealth regulatory body of Ethiopia since the consequence of these products could pose very greatpublic damage as it is imported and consumed in mass to the infants in Ethiopia.