Browsing by Author "Gizaw Elias"

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    Cross Sectional Study of the Patterns of Knee Joint Abnormalities Detected by Knee MRI in Patients Evaluated at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia From April–September 2017.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-09) Gizaw Elias ; Admassie Daniel
    Introduction: The knee joint, the largest joint in the body, has several functions which are essential for human beings to walk, run and jump. Primarily, it enablesflexion-extension of the lower limb in the sagittal plane. Joint stability duringmovement is attained by the shape of the articular surfaces, the collateral andcruciate ligaments, the menisci and tendons and muscles crossing the knee joint.(1) The vulnerability of the knee, the largest joint in the body, to direct traumamakes knee injuries very common throughout life. (2)MRI visualizes most components of the knee joint, including articular cartilage,menisci, intra-articular ligaments, synovium, bone marrow, subchondral cysts, andother periarticular and intra-articular lesions that are not detectable by radiography.(4).The patterns of abnormalities of these different joint components as detected byMRI has been studied in different centers. Such types of studies, to date, have notbeen done in our country to our knowledge. The aim of this paper is to studyfrequency and the patterns of these abnormalities in the knee joint detected by kneeMRI. Objective: To assess the patterns of abnormalities in the knee joint detected by knee MRI. Methods: Hospital based prospective cross sectional study was conducted on 49patients who had knee MRI at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital for a period of 7months from January 1 to August 2016. Patients included here are those who had knee MRI and no history of knee surgery. Results: A total of 49 patients were included in the study out of which 26(53.1%)were male and 23 (46.9%) were female, with a mean age of 43 years (range 17 to68 years). The three most common pathologies were joint effusion seen in32(65.3%), bone marrow edema in 22(45.8%) and osteophytes in 22(44.9%). ACLtear was the commonest ligament abnormality occurring in 5 (10.4%) patients. Ten(20.8%) patients had meniscal tear, all involving the medial meniscus with theposterior horn being involved in 8(80%) of these patients. Conclusion: The mean age of our study population was higher than most referenced papers suggestive of possible delay in health seeking. The commonestknee pathologies were similar to other studies. Features of osteoarthritis were seen in higher frequency in our study population. Even though the higher mean age could be the possible cause, further study is recommended to look into the causes.Bone fracture, tendon abnormality and ligament abnormality showed statistically significant association with trauma. These abnormalities which were seen with higher frequency in those with a history of trauma were also observed in higher frequency in the male population.
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    Determination of Fluoride and Selected Metals in the Soils of Ethiopian Rift Valley and Irrigation Water in the Surrounding Area
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2011-06) Gizaw Elias; Chandravanshi B.S. (Professor)
    The occurrence of dental and skeletal fluorosis among the population in the Ethiopian Rift Valley provided the motivation to investigate occurrence of fluoride in soil and water. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of fluoride in Ethiopian Rift Valley soils and the nearby irrigation water sources and the correlation of fluoride with metals. Nine soil samples from the surface horizon (0-20 cm) depth and water samples were collected from high fluoride zone of Ethiopian Rift Valley and one controlling group collected from the College of Natural Sciences (Arat Killo Campus), Addis Ababa University. The sample was collected by random sampling technique. The soil samples were air dried, grinded, sieved and weighed, then measured for both fluoride and metals content. The pH, conductivity, salinity and total dissolved solid in water and soil sample were also measured. Fluoride determination was made by fluoride ion selective electrode and metal determination by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The validation of optimized procedure was evaluated using standard addition (spiking) method and an acceptable percentage recovery was obtained. The fluoride concentration in water sample was found in the range of 0.143-8.03 mg/L which are below the WHO limits of fluoride concentration for irrigation (less than 10 mg/L). The water soluble and total fluorides in soil were 2.32-16.2 μg/g and 209-1210 μg/g, respectively. The mean metal concentration (μg/g dry weight basis) range in soil samples and mg/L in water samples respectively were: Na (684-6703, 8.64-67.3), Mg (1608-11229, 22.7-66.7), K (1776-4394, 1.11-20.3), Ca (7547-22998, 16.7-267), Cr (9.79-79.3, 0.071-0.169), Mn (143-700, 0.048-37.2), Co (50.3-112, 0.354-1.48), Ni (446-1288, 0.274-40.9), Fe (12180-32681, 6.04-47.7), Cu (8.85-45.4, 0.088-0.251) and Zn (30.5-89.2, 0.144-0.562). Fluoride was found to have significant correlation with major metals (Fe, Cu and Cr), but the correlation with other trace metals were not significant. KEYWORDS: Fluoride, Metals, Water, Soil, Ethiopian Rift Valley