Browsing by Author "Gizaw, Muluken"

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    Magnitude and Associated Risk Factors of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Newlydiagnosed Diabettis Melittus Children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2015-06) Atkilt, Helen; Gizaw, Muluken
    Background: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most serious acute complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the leading cause of morbidity and 9 mortality in children with type 1 diabetes. The mortality rate for DKA ranges from 2 to 5 % in developed countries and 6 to 24% in developing countries. Objectives: To assess the magnitude and associated factors of DKA in newly diagnosed Diabetic Mellitus children in Addis Ababa. Method: A facility based cross sectional study was conducted in selected hospitals in Addis Ababa. Data was double entered from the paper-based abstraction sheet into Epi info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. A descriptive analysis was performed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic analysis was used to identify factors associated with the magnitude of newly diagnosed Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Categorical variables were compared if necessary using odds ratio with levels of significance set at 5%. Result: The magnitude of DKA in newly diagnosed children found to be 35.8%. The significant predictors of DKA among newly diagnosed children were age of the child, parents’ knowledge of the sign and symptoms of DKA 0.51(0.273, 0.95) sign and symptoms of DKA before the onset of DKA 0.348(0.206, 0.59) and infection prior to DKA onset 3.45(1.97, 6.04). Conclusion: The overall magnitude of DKA in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in Addis Ababa is low. In particular, children between 9-12 years of age and children whose parents don’t know the sign and symptoms of DKA have a high risk of DKA at primary diagnosis of DM. The Diabetic Association should give different workshop for health professional and work on awareness creation for the society using different communication media.
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    Trends in Neonatal Mortality and Assessment of Associated risk Factors in Butajira District,South Centeral Ethiopia,(1987-2008)
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2012-06) Gizaw, Muluken; Molla, Mitike (PhD)
    Introduction: Child mortality is an important indicator of a country’s developmental status. Neonatal mortality and stillbirth shared a higher percentage of child mortality. However, in developing countries where most deliveries occur at home and there is no civil registration, it is difficult to measure the magnitude of neonatal mortality. In such set-ups, the use of data from continous demographic survillance systems provided a valid result. Therefore, this study was conducted in rural Butajira using a 22 years dataset with the aim of assessing trends of neonatal mortality and assessment of associated risk factors. Methods: The Butajira Rural Health Programme was launched in 1987 with an objective of developing and evaluating a system for a continuous registration of vital events. The surveillance system operates an open cohort system. An event history analysis was carried out to calculate the yearly neonatal mortality and magnitude of death along different covariates. Poisson regression model was used to elicit neonatal mortality risk factors. Results: The trends of neonatal mortality did not show a change over the study period (Pvalue= 0.099). There was a high burden of early neonatal mortality with the highest risk of death on the first day of life (incidence rate ratios 4.84 [4.5 5.2] and 18 [16.6 19.4] respectively). Significant risk factors for all-cause neonatal mortality were being male 1.65(1.4-1.9), distance to hospital 1.5(1.11- 2.0), born to follower of Islam 1.2[1.01 1.50], born to mothers with no oxen 1.16(1.01- 1.34) and neonates were born to mothers living in thatched house 2.9(2.4-3.5). Conculussion:- Despite there is an urgent need of reducing neonatal mortality at national level , no significant change observed in neonatal mortality in Butajira. The death was significantly associated with sex of the child, socio economic variables, and physical access to hospital. Therefore, comprehensive prevention strategies directed at reducing neonatal death should address community, household and individual level factors, which significantly influence neonatal mortality in Butajira.