Browsing by Author "Girma, Yinebeb"

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    Development of fruit leather from indigenous Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) fruit
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Girma, Yinebeb; Kiflie, Zebene(PhD)
    The objective of this research was to develop fruit leathers from indigenous tamarind fruit tree. Tamarind fruits were collected, sorted, washed, grinded, soaked in water and then pulped. Flavoring ingredient that is: sucrose and grounded ginger and lemon juice as color preservatives were added to the tamarind. Tamarind puree was spread on trays and dried in electric oven drier to get thin sheets of leathers. The products were evaluated for physicochemical properties, proximate element composition, vitamin c content, mineral element (Ca, K and Na) and sensory properties. Proximate analysis result of the fruit leathers showed that they contained low protein (2.23-3.09%), fat (1.210-2.146%) and ash (3.003-3.536%) content. whereas, it consisted mainly of carbohydrates (69.193- 76.406%) and crude fiber (3.05-4.71%). The total moisture content (18.316-14.100%) of fruit leathers were low and its titratable acidity (7.645-7.883% citric acid) and pH (3.253-3.390) were high, suggesting that the products would have acceptable storage characteristics and would be microbiologically safe. The vitamin C content of the fruit leathers were found to be in the range between 21.656 and 17.520mg/100g. The mineral contents of the products were ranged between for: Ca 73.111 and 196.39mg/100g, K 595.100 and 731.667mg/100g and Na 102.178 and 125.949 mg/100g. The result of sensory analysis using customer preference test showed that the fruit leathers were well accepted. The two most liked fruit leathers with an overall acceptability of 8.6 and 8.5 (liked very much) were fruit leather dried at 800C and 700C for 8hr respectively. The lowest score was achieved by fruit leathers dried at 900C. In general, significant difference (P < 0.05) has been observed among tamarind leathers in terms of pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C content, proximate element composition, mineral element concentration and sensory attributes. The investigation indicated that, Tamarind leather dried at 800C for 8hr showed the best quality performance among the rest.
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    Major Challenges of Accessing Housing Project Finance in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-11) Girma, Yinebeb; Tesgera, Fanta (PhD)
    In developing countries among important factors influencing housing provision, finance is one of the most critical. This is the case with Ethiopia and in particular in Addis Ababa City Administration. The research objectives include the examination of the factors affecting access to long-term housing finance in Addis Ababa. The study also examines major policy and practical challenges facing the housing development projects in accessing long-term housing project finance. The methodology employed by the research includes the collection of primary and secondary data. In-depth interview was made with senior government officials from the National Bureau of IHDP, and bureau of the Addis Ababa City Administration Office of the IHDP. Interview was conducted with 5 real estate developers, and 11 individual residential house builders. Interview was also conducted with loan officers from 2 CBE, 2 CBB, and 5 private banks. Data obtained were analyzed through transcribing the interview results. Among major findings of the research include the following: that all banks in Ethiopia are highly engaged in the provision of loans for working capital requirements and trade facilitation services, finance for the housing project is given minimal attention, insufficient amount of fund set aside for housing project, CBE is highly engaged in the provision of long-term finance for public projects leaving housing projects insufficiently attended, and private banks complain about the directive of the National Bank of Ethiopia requiring them to purchase government bond for 27% of any outstanding loan they issue. The study suggests that the government housing finance policy should be reviewed and that facilitates the development of housing for all income groups of citizens. In addition, banks should be empowered in facilitating long term finance for access by key players in the sector.