Browsing by Author "Girma, Firehiwot"

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    Biogas From Waste –to-Energy; Green Power and Clean Environment for Bole Lemi Industrial Zone
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-02) Girma, Firehiwot; Woldehanna, Frehiwot
    The current model for electricity generation and distribution in Ethiopia is dominated by centralized power plants typically based on hydro power resource. Most of the substation in the country are old and needs upgrading. The construction of high rise buildings and industrial zones create an overloading on the existing substations, this problem can be solved by constructing new substation, upgrading old ones and using distributed generation (DG) systems. DG technologies often consist of modular and renewable-energy generators. By connecting to local distribution networks, energy is produced and consumed closer to the source of generation. This research is about using the waste to energy technology to generate green power for BOLE LEMI INDUSTRIAL ZONE (BLIZ) and a clean environment for the surrounding. A DG system is designed using biogas from the waste disposal pond KOTEBE Sewage Treatment plant (KSTP) at a close proximity ,around 0.3km ,from the BLIZ and a waste from wet room of the industrial shades as a renewable resource. It is discovered that a total of 66.45MWh/day electrical energy can be generated from the two resources and using only the resource from the KSTP a total of 36.057MWh/day electrical energy can be generated. Two methods of connection of the DG system is studied, HOMER optimization and RETscreen clean energy software are used to select the method of connection. And the waste to energy DG system connected to the grid is found to be economically feasible with LCOE $0.023/kWh .The DG system increases the reliability of the power system for the Bole Lemi substation (BLSS) and as a result of the biogas generation the odor pollution will be reduced and the environment for the surrounding will be clean. Key words: Waste to Energy, Biogas, Distributed Generation, Industry zone, Grid Connection, Odor Pollution
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    The Protection of the Rights of Children of Divorced Parents in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017-05) Girma, Firehiwot; Abate, Mizanie(Assistance Professor)
    The paper analyzes the protection of the rights of children of divorced parents in Ethiopia from the perspective of the general legal regime of children’s rights such as the Convention on the Rights of Child, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of Children, the Constitution of Federal Democratic Ethiopia, the Revised Family Code and the Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. The analysis is substantiated primarily by selected divorce cases decided by the Federal First Instance Court Bole Division relating to the rights of children of divorced parents and by information acquired through interview of one judge at the FFIC Bole Division and two legal experts each at the Children’s Legal Protection Center and the Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association. The analysis is also supplemented by Cassation Decisions of the Federal Supreme Court; Reports; and Concluding Observations as well as the General Comments of the Committee on the Convention on the Rights of Child. The children of divorced parents have various rights including the rights to maintenance, custody and visitation. These rights are special rights unique to such children apart from other civil and political, and socio-economic as well as cultural rights to which they are entitled just like any children. The researcher argues that the modalities for determining custody, maintenance and visitation rights as stipulated under Article 113(2) of the Revised Family Code are too general and not exhaustive. For there is no rules of procedure or guideline providing objective standard, it seems consideration of the factors listed under the provision is left to the judges’ subjective appreciation of the circumstances of the case. As a result, decisions of the court relating to the rights and interests of children of divorced parents lacks predictability and uniformity. Consequently, the researcher recommends the enactment of a binding rules of procedure or a guideline for the implementation of custody, maintenance and visitation rights of children of divorced parents (separately for each or in one) so as to fully implement Article 113(2) of the RFC and thereby ensure uniformity and predictability of the practice at courts. To achieve this end, the Draft Directive for the Determination of Maintenance prepared by the FFIC might be used as a model.