Browsing by Author "Getahun Mahlet"

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    Assessment Of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Post-Operative Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Who Underwent Open Heart Surgery in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(2021 2024): A multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06) Getahun Mahlet; Gulilat Dereje
    Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a significant complication following cardiac surgery, associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates adversely affecting patient outcomes. It is crucial to monitor the incidence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). However, no prior study has been made in the context of the present study setting. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury among adult cardiac surgery patients and its associated factors in cardiac surgery centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted among 282 patients on systematic random sampling technique, focusing on both pediatric and adult patients who underwent open-heart surgery. Examining factors such as preoperative renal function, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, intraoperative management, and postoperative renal function. The data was input into Epi data 4.7 and then transferred to STATA 17 for analysis. Associations between the outcome variable and independent variables were evaluated using a chi-square test. Variables showing significance in univariate analysis were analyzed in a multivariable model to assess the strength of associations and identify statistically significant factors. P value ≤ 0.05 of the statistical significance was used. The study took 5 months from January up to May was the study period. Result: Four of the variables were significant patients with DM have 3.44 times higher risk of developing AKI (AOR = 3.44, 95% CI; 1.43-9.09), age has a significant association with AKI, patients in over 60 years age group had 2.55 times higher risk odds of developing AKI (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.37-4.77), patients with ischemia periods greater than 90 minutes had 2.15 times the chance of having AKI (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.10-4.22), Patients undergoing repeat operations had 4.20 times higher adjusted odds of developing AKI (AOR = 4.20, 95% CI: 1.25-14.10) compared to those having their first cardiac surgical procedure. Conclusion: The study revealed that a considerable number of DM, older age, longer aortic cross clamp time, redo surgery has significant association with AKI.
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    Multidimensional Energy Poverty and its Dynamics in Rural and Small Towns of Ethiopia: A Fuzzy Set Analysis
    (A.A.U, 2021-10) Getahun Mahlet; Tufa Adane
    Ethiopia, like many others in the sub-Saharan Africa, hosts its largest share of population in its rural areas and small towns. And among many factors, these areas of the country are characterized by having lower access to modern energy fuels. Thus, using panel data set constructed from the three rounds of Ethiopian Socio Economic Survey, this paper has attempted to investigate the level of multidimensional energy poverty and its dynamics in these areas. Unlike number of researches made on energy poverty, this paper has attempted to divert from the traditional crisp poor non poor dichotomization using a fuzzy set approach which represent each household by the degree of energy poverty it faced in values that range between zero and one through the use membership functions. Given selected dimensions which include type of cooking fuel, indoor air pollution, source of light and access to media and communication, and applying methods of average, intersection and union as techniques to aggregate degree of deprivation across each dimension selected, a fuzzy multidimensional energy poverty index for the study area was determined, and it was further decomposed to see which dimensions contribute the most for it. During the first survey, households in the study area were found to be faced with 79.98% average deprivation while experiencing a minimum degree of deprivation that reaches to 47.64% in each selected dimension. These numbers fall only slightly during the last survey where average deprivation declines to 72.41% while minimum deprivation in each selected dimension falls to 34.61%. Across each survey, households were found to be faced with a degree of deprivation that is close to 100% at least in one of the dimensions selected. These results are further supported by a fuzzy set longitudinal analysis made with the application of joint membership functions. And the rate of re-entry is found to be 98.11% and exit rate 42.24%. Further, given the fractional nature of the dependent variable, dynamic fractional regression was used to investigate the presence of state dependence, and a one percent rise in the propensity of experiencing deprivation in all dimensions in the previous period was found to cause a 3.8% rise in a given year’s deprivation overlap. And among other selected determinate variables of energy poverty, number of rooms available, proportion of children aged seven and above, log of real income per adult equivalent and year of survey are found to have significant and negative effect on households energy poverty. And proportion of labour aged female household members, living in rural areas, and compared to region Tigray living in other selected regions of the country are found to cause a significant and positive influence on households energy poverty.