Browsing by Author "Getachew, Belay"

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    Critical Analysis of the Applicability of the Right To Development in the Ethiopian Context
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Getachew, Belay; Damtie, Mellese (PhD)
    The Right to Development, after a long time di scourse is internationally recognized as a universal and inalienable right and integral part of fundamental human rights. It is also further elaborated in the context of all human rights both individual and collective providing priority to fight against absolute poverty integrating envirorunent in a framework of sustainable development. Ethiopia has also guaranteed the principle of the RTD in the FDRE Constitution. States have the duty to formulate development polices for the realization of the RTD. In this respect, the FDRE Constitution incorporated economic, social and environmental objectives whereby laws and policies guided and implemented thereof. The Goverrunent consecutively, formulated national development policies in light of addressing sustainable development from the social, economic and envirorunental perspectives. Thus, in this research, it has been tried to examine the applicability of the RTD in the Ethiopian context. In order to critically analyze the implementation of the RTf) and its constitutive rights such as the right to improved living standards and the right to sustainable development, different methods based on primary and secondary sources have been applied. To this end, the essence, legal status and major implementation constraints have been critically assessed. For this purpose, the constitutionally recognized right of public participation is thoroughly discussed in line with development processes. For the implementation of the RTD and its constitutive rights in Ethiopia, policy issues are outlined but the challenge is lack of specific directives or instruments and absence of effective evaluation and monitoring programs. All these problems are reflected in various sectors. More imp0l1antly, absence of effective public participation in different development activities is identified. Therefore, if the government puts the social, economic and environmental development programs in integrated maru1er into practice, sustainable development can be ensured which, in turn, the principle of the RTD in Ethiopia wi ll be progressively realized.
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    Critical Analysis of the Applicability of the Right to Development in the Ethiopian Context
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Getachew, Belay; Damtie, Mellese (LL.B, B, Sc and LL.M)
    The Right to Development, after a long time discourse is internationally recognized as a universal and inalienable right and integral part of fundamental human rights. It is also further elaborated in the context of all human rights both individual and collective providing priority to fight against absolute poverty integrating environment in a framework of sustainable development. Ethiopia has also guaranteed the principle of the RTD in the FDRE Constitution. States have the duty to formulate development polices for the realization of the RTD. In this respect, the FDRE Constitution incorporated economic, social and environmental objectives whereby laws and policies guided and implemented thereof. The Government consecutively, formulated national development policies in light of addressing sustainable development from the social, economic and environmental perspectives. Thus, in this research, it has been tried to examine the applicability of the RTD in the Ethiopian context. In order to critically analyze the implementation of the RTD and its constitutive rights such as the right to improved living standards and the right to sustainable development, different methods based on primary and secondary sources have been applied. To this end, the essence, legal status and major implementation constraints have been critically assessed. For this purpose, the constitutionally recognized right of public participation is thoroughly discussed in line with development processes. For the implementation of the RTD and its constitutive rights in Ethiopia, policy issues are outlined but the challenge is lack of specific directives or instruments and absence of effective evaluation and monitoring programs. All these problems are reflected in various sectors. More importantly, absence of effective public participation in different development activities is also identified. Therefore, if the government puts the social, economic and environmental development programs in integrated manner into practice, sustainable development can be ensured which, in turn, the principle of the RTD in Ethiopia will be progressively realized.
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    Critical Analysis of the Applicability of the Right to Development in the Ethiopian Context
    (Addis Ababa University, 2001) Getachew, Belay; Damtie, Mellese (PhD)
    The Right to Development, after a long time discourse is internationally recognized as a universal and inalienable right and integral part of fundamental human rights. It is also further elaborated in the context of all human rights both individual and collective providing priority to fight against absolute poverty integrating environment in a framework of sustainable development. Ethiopia has also guaranteed the principle of the RTD in the FDRE Constitution. States have the duty to formulate development polices for the realization of the RTD. In this respect, the FDRE Constitution incorporated economic, social and environmental objectives whereby laws and policies guided and implemented thereof. The Government consecutively, formulated national development policies in light of addressing sustainable development from the social, economic and environmental perspectives. Thus, in this research, it has been tried to examine the applicability of the RTD in the Ethiopian context. In order to critically analyze the implementation of the RTD and its constitutive rights such as the right to improved living standards and the right to sustainable development, different methods based on primary and secondary sources have been applied. To this end, the essence, legal status and major implementation constraints have been critically assessed. For this purpose, the constitutionally recognized right of public participation is thoroughly discussed in line with development processes. For the implementation of the RTD and its constitutive rights in Ethiopia, policy issues are outlined but the challenge is lack of specific directives or instruments and absence of effective evaluation and monitoring programs. All these problems are reflected in various sectors. More importantly, absence of effective public participation in different development activities is also identified. Therefore, if the government puts the social, economic and environmental development programs in integrated manner into practice, sustainable development can be ensured which, in turn, the principle of the RTD in Ethiopia will be progressively realized.
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    Determinants of Cost of Financial Intermediation: Empirical Study on Commercial Banks in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Getachew, Belay; Emerie, Asmare (PhD)
    This paper investigates the determinants of cost of financial intermediation (CFI) of Ethiopian commercial banking sector during the period from 2000 to 2013. The study was based on the hypothesis that cost of financial intermediation in Ethiopian banks‟ is determined by bank, industry and macro-economic related factors. Several theories and empirical outcomes were propounded to explain the determinants of cost of financial intermediation proxied by net interest margin. The variables were chosen based on findings from both empirical and theoretical literature. A quantitative research approach and explanatory design were adopted in carrying out this research. Secondary data were collected from selected eight commercial banks out of nineteen banks using purposive sampling technique. Based mainly on the Seminal Ho and Saunders, 1981 dealership model and extensions thereto, the study employed panel data estimation techniques to analyze the influence of bank, industry and macroeconomic factors on CFI. The fixed effect regression technique was used to estimate the model using the econometric package EViews 8. The results obtained indicated that bank intermediation margin are high in Ethiopia and it is generally driven by banks, industry and macro-economic factors. And specifically the estimation results show that operating costs, capital of banks, market concentration, market share, economic growth and inflation have a positive and significant effect on CFI. Credit risk, asset size, liquidity risk, and opportunity cost of reserve have a negative and significant effect on CFI. Profitability is not significant in determining CFI. The study recommends banks to improve operational efficiency, NBE to instill competition with in banks and policy makers to promote favourable economic situation. Further studies were recommended in the areas by considering additional variables and considering newly emerging banks Keywords: Ethiopian Banking Sector, Net Interest Margin (NIM), Cost of Financial Intermediation (CFI)
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    POTENTIALS OF HOUSEHOLD ORGANIC SOLID WASTE FOR URBAN AGRICULTURE IN CONDOMINIUM HOUSING AREA: THE CASE OF “BASHA WOLDE-CHILOT” CONDOMINIUM, ADDIS ABABA
    (EiABC, 2019-01) Adugna, Tsion; Getachew, Belay; Hailu, Tesfaye
    Open spaces near communal housing areas are among one of the urban agricultural components for the urban environment, but the soil in these open spaces has been affected by different types of waste. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of organic solid waste (OSW) on the households to restore the disturbed soil, contribute to urban agriculture and provide recommendations to prevent environmental pollution caused by OSW. Like many developing countries, Addis Ababa generates a significant amount of OSW with substantial contributions from households. The generated OSW, which is being sent to the landfill sites have been burning the ground, unpleasant odors, environmental pollution, groundwater pollution, vegetation damage, affect biodiversity (Justyna & Pitchayan, 2016). Condominium housing in Addis Ababa consists a large number of households (depend on the design starting from G+2 -G+12) with small plots that tend to generate a large amount of OSW. The “Basha Wolde-Chilot” condominium site that is chosen for this thesis for the reason that it contains three types of Solid Waste Management (SWM) system (vertical trash Shute , free stand metal garbage, and Trash bag(madabria) at their home), condominiums that are the same typology, manageable block number, and near to the Riverside. The survey was applied to ten building that is determined by Taro Yamane’s sampling method. Before the survey, the researcher provided colored trash bags (“madaberia”) for residents in organic,plastic and other types waste categories followed by an awareness session on waste separation. Afterward, the researcher conducted a field investigation, on-site waste characterization and measured the waste at the block in two different collection days. According to “Basha Wolde-Chilot” waste characterization, the average waste consists of 84.1% organic, 3.4 % plastic and 12.5% other materials. From this figure, the most substantial amount is organic solid waste that could be recycled and generate compost. The“Basha Wolde-Chilot” site generates 87,048 kg of organic solid waste every year and send it to the landfill that contributes to the pollution of the environment quality deterioration, worsening of groundwater quality, poor air quality from emitted gases and noxious odors, and worsening climate change impact. From this figure, we can understand that by failing to process waste, the site loses 10,881 kg compost every year. But this 10,881kg compost has the potential of restoring the disturbed soil and providing fertilizer for 28,307m2 vegetation production,5,348m2 for attractive, aromatic and medicinal plant and for than 200 tree and shrubs for the “Basha Wolde-Chilot” condominium site community. In conclusion, if the organic solid waste gets separated at the source (providing garbage Shute), recycled, composted and merge to the condominiums green space, it will provide significant input for the environment as well as for the residents. The application of compost may vary according to the users need