Browsing by Author "Geleta Mulatu"

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    Ethnobotanical Study of Edible Oil Crops As A Companion of Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench and Biochemical Genetic Analysis Of In Situ and Ex Situ Conserved Guizotia Abyssinica (L.F.) Cass.Gern:Plasn: Fron: North Shewa and South Welo
    (Addis Ababa University, 2001-06) Geleta Mulatu; Bekele Endashaw (Professor); Asfaw Zemede (PhD)
    South Welo alld 1I0rth Shew{1 are the cellter for the diversity of Sorghum bicolor. S.orghum is cultivated ill close association with oil crops maillly because of their com billed uses ill the cultural feeding system of local people. The presence of multipwpose sorghum lalldraces in the area have played a significant role for oil crop species diversity and their ill situ conservation, as each oil crop has its own unique domain in its combined use with sorghum. The companionship of sorghum and oil crops is multidimensional, which includes multiple cropping practices at the field level, multi-component food values. Their companionship is deep rooted to the level of society's traditional beliefs alld sacrifices and cultural life. Guizotia abyssinica alld Sesamum indicum are the most important oil crops of the area with strongest companionship with sorghum both at the field level and home level. The stronger the companionship of a given oil crop with sorghum at home level, the stronger the companionship at field level too. This result is based lipan (i) the interviews with local farmers (both males and females) with heterogeneous age groups, and (ii) field survey together with local farmers and the in situ team in order to collect data on the cropping pat/ems and degree of companionship of sorghum and edible oil crops. Different AgromOlphological traits ji-om si?, oil crops were analyzed for the plllpose of obtaining the level of variability among populations of each oil crop and correlation between traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis were conducted for quantitative traits, while Shannon's diversity index analysis was conducted for qualitative traits, to see the potential genetic diversity of these oil crops. Capsule length, number of capsules per plant and number of seeds per capsule are important for high yield in Sesamum indiculII. Number of branches per plant and number of heads per plant are the main traits that determine yield in Guizotia abyssinica. In Carthamus tinctorius, number of capitulum per plant, which is a primal'), trait to determine yield, did not show significant correia lion with other traits studied. In Brassica carinata, number oj primm)' branches per plant, plant height and nlllnber of seeds per capsule show significant positive correlation between themselves implying that these traits might be important agronomic traits for high yield. Shannon diversity estimates revealed that more than 74% oj the total variation is due to within populations or area, for all species analyzed. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) was used to assess genetic variability in twenty in , situ conserved populations and twenty ex situ conserved populations of Guizotia abyssinca. MLEE analysis at four enzyme loci scores 19 alleles. All 19 alleles were recorded in both in situ and ex situ populations. Dendrograms constructed based on Nei's genetic distance values show that there is no clear differentiation between the two groups. All four loci were polymO/phic and characterized by significant heterozygote deficiency (P