Browsing by Author "Gashaw Adane"

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    Seroprevalence and public health significance of bovine brucellosis and its associated risk factors in dairy farms of Debrebirhan town and its surrounding, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2022) Gashaw Adane; Prof.Gezahegne Mamo; Dr. Fikru Regassa
    Bovine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes serious public health hazard in human and economic crises in dairy cattle production in affected countries. A cross sectional study was conducted between November 2021 to 2022 in Debrebirhan town and it’s surrounding of North Shewa zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, to estimate seroprevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle, identify associated risk factors and assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of dairy cattle owners on zoonotic brucellosis. Blood samples from dairy cattle were collected and performed the serological tests and risk factors associated with Brucella seropositivity as well as knowledge attitude and practice of respondents was collected based on questionnaire format and analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Using purposive sampling method, a total of 426 blood samples were collected from dairy cattle for serological test. The collected serum samples were screened initially with Rose Bengal Plate Test and positive samples for the initial test were confirmed by Complement Fixation Test. The overall seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study areas was 1.4% (95% CI: 0.28%-2.53%) and 0.47 % (95% CI: -0.182-1.121) using RBPT and CFT tests respectively at individual animal level and 13% (95%CI: - 0.39% -26.48%) and 4.43% (95%CI: -1.77% - 10.47%) using RBPT and CFT tests respectively at herd level. Statistical analysis of risk factors by using multivariable logistic regression indicates that buying stock replacement (OR=33.83, p=0.0003), last trimister abortion history (OR=5.90, p=0.005) and bull mating service (OR=6.43, p=0.013) were found significantlly associated with the seropositivity of Brucella infection in the dairy cattle. Knowledge, attitude and practice asseesment of respondents revealed that the majority of interviewees have no knowledge about brucellosis and other zoonotic diseases and their way of transmission. Because of this, drinking of milk with out boiling and contact with aborted and parturition materials with barehand are highly practiced in the study areas which clearly shows the presence of high risk for human Brucella infection. The result of this study revealed that the overall seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis was estimated to be very low in the study areas. However, the presence of positive serological reactors with statistical significant association of risk factors indicate previous infection of brucellosis in the cattle population of study areas. More over, the presence of one or more positive reactors in the herd is a predictor for the presence of infection. Hence, culling of Brucella abtibody reactor cows, carried out stock replacemenet through brucella testing before introduction in to the farms, improving of community awarness, further studies on isolation and molecular charcaterization of the caustive agent in livestock and epidemilogical study of human brucellosis and launch national contol and elimination campaign through One Health approach arerecommended.