Browsing by Author "G/Selassie, Solomon"

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    Comparison of Combination of Bleach and Light Emitting Diode Fluorescent Microscopy against My Cobacterial Culture for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis at St.Peter’s Tuberculosis Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-04) Gizaw, Nebiyu; G/Selassie, Solomon; Desta, Kassu
    Conventional light microscopy using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained smears prepared directly from sputum specimens is the most widely available test for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in resource-limited settings. However, a major shortcoming of conventional microscopy is its low sensitivity compared with culture. A cross-sectional study in the outpatient departments of St. peter’s TB specialized hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from May, 2010 to December, 2010 was conducted to compare the diagnostic value of the combination of bleach and light emitting diode fluorescent microscopy (LED-FM) against mycobacterial culture in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) Adult patients with chronic cough, weight loss, sweats , fever, hemoptysis, chest pain with radiographic findings without treatment or on anti-TB chemotherapy were included in the study. Three consecutive sputum specimens from patients who fulfilled entry criteria were processed. Direct smear were prepared and stained using auramine phenol and Ziehl Neelsen techniques. Concentrated slides using bleach were stained by auramine-phenol method with culture on MGIT media as the gold standard. Capilia TB Assay method were used to identify M. tuberculosis. Three hundrades and fifty three sputa were processed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values achieved with direct fluorescent microscopy compared to culture were 59.7%, 98.3%, 94.4% and 83.6% respectively. The correlation between direct fluorescent microscopy and culture as gold standard method showed statistical significance ( 2 = 159.78, P < 0.001).Concentration of sputum with bleach significantly increased auramine/phenol smear sensitivity by 72.8%, a 13.1% incremental yield ( 2 = 197.8, P < 0.0001). A comparison of direct ZN and FM smear results showed that, direct FM sensitivity was significantly higher than direct ZN microscopy (59.7% vs 41.2%, difference 18.5%, 2 = 159.3, CI 30.2 – 249.8, P<0.0001) but FM specificity was slightly lower (98.3% vs 100%). Sputum processing with bleach increased FM smear sensitivity by 31.6%, from 41.2% to 72.8%, which was remained significantly higher as compared with direct ZN microscopy ( 2 = 204.17, 95% CI = 37.64 – 209.2 P<0.0001) but FM specificity slightly decreased than direct ZN, from 97% to 100%. In this study it was shown that LED FM has correspondence with culture with decreasing number of bacilli. Low scanty results in fluorescence microscopy correlated more with culture than low scanty results found with the Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Symptoms like fever, cough and chest x pain were the common clinical findings among patient with suspected of having tuberculosis in our study. Weight loss was highly associated with development of PTB in both direct and concentrated flourochrome stained methods. Abnormal X-ray finding and positivity with both direct and concentrated fluorescent microscopy were highly associated. Therefore, the Auramine fluorochrome stain positive cases do not necessarily require to do X-ray examination as it saves time and money. According to the present study, combination of bleach and LED based fluorescent microscopy is sensitive and specific, easy to perform, inexpensive, rapid, diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis. Keywords/Phrases: Light Emitting Diode Fluorescent Microscopy (LED-FM), Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), Auramine O/Phenol, Sodium Hypochlorite (Household bleach). Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube(MGIT)
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    The Effect Of Branding On Customers Preference Of Hotel Brands: The Case Of Four Star Hotels In Hawassa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-10) G/Selassie, Solomon; Mesfin, Tewodros (PhD)
    The Effect of Branding on Customers Preference of Hotel Brands: The Case of Four Star Hotels in Hawassa, Ethiopia Solomon G/selassie Addis Ababa University, 2018 Branding is an influential marketing tool that when used efficiently and effectively could provide value for the stakeholders, mainly company and customers, then evaluating the degree of the importance of branding, matters must be assessed from both sides. As the market becomes more competitive with products and services, which are substitutes, the study of Brand Trust will become more crucial. Thus, this study was intended to study the causal effect relationship between branding and consumers’ preferences on hotel brands in a fast-growing city located on the shores of Lake Hawassa, south of Addis Ababa. Out of 384-target population, 320 respondents returned completed and properly filled questionnaires, which meant 83.33 percent coverage of total respondents from the customers of these hotels. Using quantitative research approach, and descriptive and explanatory research design, it was found that brand image consumer preferences (4.21) were rated as at much and brand experience (4.11), brand awareness (4.01), brand attitude (4.16), brand trust (3.99) and the mean value for all variables ranges from 3.99 to 4.29 and it indicates that most respondents’ response or preferred the category of agree and there is correlation between brand image (r=0.628), brand awareness (r=0.43), brand experience (r=0.522), brand attitude (r=0.545) and brand trust (r=0.693) and consumers preferences with statistically significant (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000). Moreover, from the result, it can be concluded that with 59.9% of the variance (R-Square) in brand image, brand awareness, brand experience, brand attitude and brand trust have significant effect on consumers preferences and the model adopted appropriately measure the construct. It is sure that marketers need to understand consumer behavior to compete with rivals. Consumers may be irrational people who make decisions not on based rational reasons