Browsing by Author "Fufa Abunna"

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    An In-Depth Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Transmission of Zoonoses, Food Safety, Antimicrobial Resistance and the Detection of E. coli O 157:H7 along the Meat Value Chain in Ethiopia: One Health approach
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023) Fufa Abunna; Prof. Bekele Megersa
    Food-borne diseases associated with zoonotic pathogens can be transmitted to humans primarily, but not exclusively through animal source foods. Antimicrobial resistance in the food chain is also currently a subject of a major concern globally. The excessive use or rather misuse of antimicrobials coupled with a poor hygiene in the food production chain has led to a rise of drug resistant bacteria, commonly transmitted through food chain. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken by using a structured pretested questionnaire to investigate the level of knowledge, attitude and practices towards the transmission of Zoonoses among farmers in Ada‘a district, food safety among meat handlers of Bishoftu city and antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among 10 public University students in Ethiopia. Another study was also carried out to detect E. coli O157: H7 along the meat value chain in abattoirs and retail meat shops and of Bishoftu city and to assess the susceptibility profile of the isolates against 13 antibiotics using a standard disk diffusion method. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Accordingly, farmers with secondary school or above education background (OR= 6.8, CI=2.4 - 18.0, p <0.05), aged between 41 and 50 years (OR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.2–7.2, p<0.05), and good knowledge (OR=2.1, CI=1.3 - 3.5, p <0.05), and positive attitude (OR=7.8, CI=4.7 - 12.9, p <0.01) had better practices that reduce the risk of exposure to zoonotic infections than their counterparts. Most meat handlers had a good knowledge level, a positive attitude and poor food safety practices. In multivariable models, good knowledge was significantly (p<0.05) associated with older age; positive attitudes were associated with lower educational attainment and good knowledge; and good practices were associated with working experience in an abattoir and having received training on food safety. Students' birthplace was found to be significantly (p <0.01) associated with knowledge of students on AMU and AMR. Students with good knowledge had 3.9 times more positive attitudes than those with poor knowledge (OR = 3.9, CI = 3.0 -5.2, p < 0.01). Students from Veterinary medicine had 1.6 times better attitude than students from Helath Science and Non-Helath Science (OR = 1.6, CI=1.2- 2.1, p < 0.05). The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was found to be 3.6%. There was a significant difference in the occurrences of the pathogen among the sources of samples (p<0.05). The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the isolates were found to be resistant to three commonly used drugs, tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (92.8%), and ampicillin (64.3%). However, all isolates were susceptible to azithromycin, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol. However, 85.8% of the isolates were found to be resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials. In conclusion, this study revealed knowledge gaps, a low level of the desired attitude, and high-risk behavioral practices among farmers about the transmsioon of Zoonoses. The study revealed that there is an inadequate food safety practice among meat handlers; and E. coli O157:H7 was detected in abattoirs and butcher shops. Furtheromeore, there were critical gaps of knowledge, attitudes and practices among University students about antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the need for awareness creation about zoonotic disease transmission among farmers, regular hands-on training and enforcement of general and personal hygiene among meat handlers is recommended. Moreover, interventions to raise awareness about AMU and AMR should also target students majoring in fields other than health sciences.
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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-06) Kalkidan Shimels; Adamu Adisie; Fufa Abunna
    This document contains a two year output of Field Epidemiology Training Program that has to be submitted to Addis Ababa University, graduate school of public health for the finaaccomplishment of master degree in Field Epidemiology. The majority of the program (75%)contains field works that known as residency. This document includes the two year outputs including diseases outbreak investigations, public health surveillance data analysis, surveillance system evaluation, health profile description report, narrative summary of disaster situation report, scientific manuscript and abstracts. During my residency I have tried to work my best in both office works as well as field works. The two years activities are summarized and presented by one document in eight chapters. The first chapter consists of two outbreak investigations which aresuspected scabies outbreak investigation which is conducted in Humbo district of Welayta zone SNNPR from 10November to 20November, 2018 and malaria outbreak investigation conducted in Areka town administration in Welayta zone, SNNPR from May 11 to 20, 2019. The second chapter is five years (2013-2017) human and animal anthrax data analysis report in SNNPRS. Surveillance system Evaluation which is found in the 3rd chapter was conducted in Hawella Tulla sub city of Hawassa city administration from March 05 – March 11/2019.The fourth Chapter contains Health profile description report which is conducted in Wensho District of Sidama zone SNNPR from February 5 up to February 15, 2018. One manuscript was prepared for peer reviewed journals and two abstracts were prepared. Meher Season Emergency Health and Nutrition needs assessment was conducted in GURAGIE and SILTE zones SNNPR Ethiopia, in December 2018 together with other relevant sectors and partners. The final output was protocol/proposal for epidemiologic research project with a title of assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices towards scabies prevention and control strategies- Humbo district, Welayta zone SNNPR region, Ethiopia April 2019. In addition, I was participated in weekly Emergency health and nutrition response activities and in all PHEM activities of the region as the program expectation.
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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-06) Kidist Jifar; Alemayehu Worku; Fufa Abunna
    Introduction: Dysentery is an infectious gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by inflammation of the intestines, mainly the large intestine Shigella flexneri is the most common cause of bloody diarrhea. We investigated dysentery to describe cases, identify risk factors and implement intervention in Mizan Tepi University. Methods: Unmatched 1:2 case control design was used from January 29/2019 to February,14/2019. Data was collected using structured questionnaire, analysis was carried out by using SPSS version 20. Scale map displayed by using Arc GIS 10.2. Drinking water sample was also collected for Microbiological test and isolate the species. To measure the significance of association we used binary logistic regression and results were reported as odds ratio and 95% CI. Result: A total of 50 cases (AR: 9.3/1000 Population) with zero death of bloody diarrhea were identified from January 29/2019 to February, 14/2019. The mean age of cases was 21(SD + 1.4),whereas their age ranged from 18 to 26 years. Male accounted 33 (66%). Contact with dysentery cases [AOR 6.3(95% CI 5.164_15.123) and absence of detergent for hand wash [AOR5.4 (95% CI (1.946_14.839) was identified as risk factors. On the other hand, boiling water for drinking and proper hand washing after visiting toilet found to be protective with [AOR 0.10(95% CI 0.012_0.945)] and [AOR 0.25 (95% CI 0.086_0.742)] respectively. Conclusions: Common source outbreak was identified, absence of detergent and contact with dysentery case was identified as risk factors. Recommendations: We recommend to the university to improve awareness on personal hygiene including use of detergents for hand wash. We also recommend latrine facilities should be made operational with functional water supply.