Browsing by Author "Fitsum Girma"

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    Plasmodium Vivax Duffy Binding Protein Copy Number Variation and their Effects on Reticulocyte Invasion in Selected Parts of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-01) Yasin Nasir; Alemayehu Godana; Fitsum Girma
    The connection between the Duffy binding protein and the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine is required for Plasmodium vivax penetration into human reticulocytes. A previous analysis of Plasmodium vivax samples in Ethiopia determined that Duffy binding protein duplications are more prevalent than in any other Plasmodium vivax location. However, its prevalence and importance in large samples remain unclear. Duffy blood group genotyping was done by amplifying the GATA1 transcription factor-binding region of DARC geneamong 349 Plasmodium vivax isolates were determined by a real-time PCR technology. In addition,duplications of Duffy binding protein and their relationship with Duffy-negativity and parasite densitywere examined. Duffy binding protein duplications and Duffy-negative antigens were detected in 74% and 3.2% isolates respectively. Most of the Duffy negative participants were found in Gondar Zuria district (72.7%). To know whether Duffy binding protein amplification contributes to the takeover of Duffy-negative reticulocytes, the relationship between Duffy binding protein copy numbers and Duffy status was investigated using Fisher's exact test and post-hoc tests. Fisher's exact test reveals a significant association (p = 0.000313). In addition, a post-hoc test indicates a significant association between the Duffy binding protein copy numbers (single and 2-3 copy) and the DARC status (p = 0.000281). However, the number of Duffy-negative patients infected by multiple Duffy binding protein copy is small. Therefore, we cannot decide that multiple Duffy binding protein copy number increase parasite's invading ability against Duffy-negative patients. The mean parasite burden differs between Duffy negative and positive in a statistically significant way (P <0.0001). Duffy-negative patients aren't resistant to Plasmodium vivax however; the detailed mechanisms of the infection in Duffy-negative patients remain unclear. In reference to the high rate of Duffy-binding protein duplication, further investigation should be explored by extending study site across Ethiopia by using the most sensitive molecular detection tools known as digital PCR. It is also useful to look into additional parasite ligands related to the invasion of Duffy-negative reticulocytes.
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    The Effect of Talent Management Practices on Employees Performance: The Case of Dashen Bank S.C.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Fitsum Girma; Mahir Jibril (PhD)
    The majority of businesses worldwide are now drawn to the idea of talent management since it is a vital component of competitive advantage. Talent management is the ability to attract, retain, and develop people within the organization to increases company value and employee performance, The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of talent management practices on employee performance at Dashen Bank. In this study an explanatory research design with descriptive survey research design and quantitative and qualitative research method were used to meet specific objective of study and to answer research questions The target populations of this study were employees of Dashen bank that found at Head Office and Lideta Area Branches, specifically whose work as Managerial, HR expert and Employees; to meet the objective of study, based on stratified sampling method, 245 respondents were employed for this study. Accordingly, those 241 valid responses obtained from respondents were used for data analysis with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 27.0 for both descriptive and inferential analysis. The finding of descriptive analysis depicted that, the mean score for overall talent management practice (TP=.59, TRS=3.69, TLD=3.78, TCR=3.056) is above the average. The regression findings reveal a significant positive correlation between talent management practices and employee performance. Particularly, talent planning (B=0.147), recruitment (B=0.260), and compensation (B=034) demonstrate statistically significant effects on employee performance. However, talent learning and development show no significant (B=0.94) correlation with performance. According to the study, in order to improve employee performance, the bank should place a strong emphasis on all aspects of talent management procedures, including talent recruitment, talent planning, talent learning, and talent remuneration. Furthermore, it suggested that improving recruitment procedures, streamlining compensation and reward systems, prioritizing funding for learning and development initiatives, and refining talent planning techniques to better match company objectives. For Dashen Bank and other comparable firms looking to enhance their human resource management strategies, these findings fill in knowledge gaps about the influence of talent management techniques on employee performance. Finally, the researcher recommended that this study explore new research areas especially on the relationship of talent learning and development and employee performance. Key Words: Talent, Talent Management practices, Talent planning, Talent recruitment and selection, Talent learning and development, Talent compensation and reward, Employee performance.