Browsing by Author "Fikirte Girma"

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    Assessment of School Enrollment and Associated Factors among Children and Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders on Follow up at TASH, ZMH, Y12HMC and AMSH. Addis Ababa,Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-10) Simret Gebre; Fikirte Girma
    Neurodevelopment in children is a dynamic inter relationship between various components including genetic, brain, cognitive, emotional and behavioral processes throughout the developmental lifespan. Neurodevelopmental diseases and disabilities can be caused by a significant and ongoing interrupti on to this dynamic process caused by environmental and genetic risk. Impairments in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning are hallmarks of these disorders . When these children reach school age, they are at greater risk of having special e ducational needs and experiencing difficulties in their learning or socialization at school. The number of children with disability attending school is extremely low in developing nations, and the overall enrollment rate is frequently under 10% in those na tions where statistics are available. Although some research in our country have attempted to study this, there is a shortage of information specifically related to neurodevelopmental diseases.
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    Quantifying Water Loss Components and Conducting Performance Indicator-Based Assessment for Addis Abeba Water Distribution System
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-04) Fikirte Girma; Agizew Nigussie (PhD)
    Water loss in urban water distribution systems is a significant global challenge, leading to wastage, revenue losses, and contamination risks. The Addis Ababa Water Distribution System (AAWDS) faces similar challenges, a significant portion of the water supplied to people doesn’t reach its intended users. Despite the critical importance of mitigating water loss, assessment practices and understanding of different causes and factors influencing the amount and type of water loss in a distribution system is limited. This study aims to assess and quantify total water losses in the AAWDS, and evaluating system performance. The research examines both real and apparent losses, with a focus on metering accuracy degradation rates and failures, especially in DN 15 mm customer meters, which constitute a large proportion of utility meters. The study identifies a high meter failure rate (0.59%/year) in the system, with water losses due to DN 15mm meter failure estimated at 0.53% of the annual non-revenue water (NRW), equivalent to 470,081𝑚3 /year. Using comparative billing analysis methodology, the research determines meter accuracy degradation rates for different meter models and calculates annual water losses due to meter inaccuracies, totaling US$1.5 million per year. Additionally, the study adopted two techniques, Minimum Night Flow Analysis and Calibration Process Water GEMs V10 Calibrator Software, were used to estimate leakages in district-metered areas situated around Kasanchis area, revealing a daily water loss 756 𝑚3. Leakage identification in the water distribution system of the DMA resulted in shortlisting of 5 points. The research also proposes 12 performance indicators for evaluating the system's efficiency, with some successfully tested on a branch utility of AAWSA. The findings emphasize the need of integrated water meter management (IWMM), leakage detection with calibrator software, and the utility's use of appropriate water loss performance indicators