Browsing by Author "Eyob Eshetu"

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    In-Vitro Acaricide Efficacy Evaluation and Survey of Ixodidae Ticks on Cattle in Borena Pastoral Area, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06-01) Eyob Eshetu; Dinka Ayana
    This study was conducted from September 2011 to May 2012 in Borena pastoral area with the objectives of determining the distribution and relative abundance of Ixodidae ticks on cattle in relation to short rain and major dry seasons, cattle age and sex. Moreover, the efficacy of Amitraz 12.5% and Diazinon 60%EC against Rh.pulchellus and A.gemma was detennined using modified Adult Immersion Test; on top of the assessment of pastoralist communities' perceptions on acaricide usage, delivery and methods of tick control practice. A total of 8,912 adult ticks belonging to genera of Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Boophilus and Hyalomma were collected from 768 indigenous cattle. Rhipicephalus pulchellus and A.gemma constituted more than 70% of the total collection. Other identified species in order of abundance were B.decoloralus, A. variegatum, H.m.rufipes, H.truncatum, A.lepidium and A.cohearens. All species were collected throughout the study period, but showed higher overall mean tick burden (29.39±14.392) during short rain season than major dry (17 .14 ±7.294). These variations were statistically significant (t= 14.915,95% CI=10.634-13.866, df= 766 P< 0.05). The abundance and mean burden of each tick species was high in adult cattle than young and females than males; which also showed statistical significant variation (P<0.05) between cattle sex and age groups. Acaricide treatment is the only method for tick control in the area, in which Amitraz was the most widely used, followed by Diazinon. Manual spraying and hand dressing of each acaricide relaying on frequent, over or under concentration, inadequate application and a long time use of one acaricide type was the common practice of application. The result of in-vitro trials revealed that, Amitraz 12.5% has significantly higher (P<0.05) overall mean percent oviposition control (%C= 95.47%) of A. gemma and Rh.pulchellus than Diazinon 60% EC (%C= 80.9%). But, both acaricides are relatively less efficient against Rh. pulchellus oviposition, %C = 90.94% for Amitraz and %C = 71.41 % for Diazinon. The results of this study suggested that the two seasons, cattle age and sex were found to be determinant for dynamics of tick population during the study period. Furthermore, Amitraz and Diazinon are the two mostly used acaricides in the area and under in-vitro condition, Amitraz at field recommended concentration provides efficient Rh.pulchellus and A.gemma oviposition inhibition than Diazinon 60%EC. Therefore, strategic control using such seasonal dynamics of ticks, aimed at primarily reducing Rh pulchellus and A.gemma burden on female and adult cattle, with the objectives of allowing maintenance of endemic stability are recommended. Besides, in vivo trial to assess the residual effect of these acaricides was suggested
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    In-Vitro Acaricide Efficacy Evaluation and Survey of Ixodidae Ticks on Cattle in Borena Pastoral Area, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06-01) Eyob Eshetu; Dinka Ayana
    This study was conducted from September 2011 to May 2012 in Borena pastoral area with the objectives of determining the distribution and relative abundance of Ixodidae ticks on cattle in relation to short rain and major dry seasons, cattle age and sex. Moreover, the efficacy of Amitraz 12.5% and Diazinon 60%EC against Rhpulchellus and A.gemma was detennined using modified Adult Immersion Test; on top of the assessment of pastoralist communities' perceptions on acaricide usage, delivery and methods of tick control practice. A total of 8,912 adult ticks belonging to genera of Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Boophilus and Hyalomma were collected from 768 indigenous cattle. Rhipicephalus pulchellus and A.gemma constituted more than 70% of the total collection. Other identified species in order of abundance were B.decoloralus, A.variegatum, H.m.rufipes, H.truncatum, A.lepidium and A.cohearens. All species were collected throughout the study period, but showed higher overall mean tick burden (29.39±14.392) during short rain season than major dry (17 .14 ±7.294). These variations were statistically significant (t= 14.915,95% CI=10.634-13.866, df= 766 P< 0.05). The abundance and mean burden of each tick species was high in adult cattle than young and females than males; which also showed statistical significant variation (P<0.05) between cattle sex and age groups. Acaricide treatment is the only method for tick control in the area, in which Amitraz was the most widely used, followed by Diazinon. Manual spraying and hand dressing of each acaricide relaying on frequent, over or under concentration, inadequate application and a long time use of one acaricide type was the common practice of application. The result of in-vitro trials revealed that, Amitraz 12.5% has significantly higher (P<0.05) overall mean percent oviposition control (%C= 95.47%) of A. gemma and Rh.pulchellus than Diazinon 60% EC (%C= 80.9%). But, both acaricides are relatively less efficient against Rh. pulchellus oviposition, %C = 90.94% for Amitraz and %C = 71.41 % for Diazinon. The results of this study suggested that the two seasons, cattle age and sex were found to be determinant for dynamics of tick population during the study period. Furthermore, Amitraz and Diazinon are the two mostly used acaricides in the area and under in-vitro condition, Amitraz at field recommended concentration provides efficient Rh.pulchellus and A.gemma oviposition inhibition than Diazinon 60%EC. Therefore, strategic control using such seasonal dynamics of ticks, aimed at primarily reducing Rh.pulchellus and A.gemma burden on female and adult cattle, with the objectives of allowing maintenance of endemic stability are recommended. Besides, in vivo trial to assess the residual effect of these acaricides was suggested