Browsing by Author "Eshete, Berhanu"

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    Exposure Assessment to Indoor Smoke Pollution in a Rural Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 1999-12) Eshete, Berhanu; Berhane, Yemane (PhD); Kumie, Abera (PhD)
    Very little effort has been made in Ethiopia to assess the effect of indoor air pollution at a community level. The aim of the study was to assess exposure to indoor air pollution at a household level and f ind out the feasibility of using questionnaire in determining exposure level for indoor air pollution . Crosssectional study design was utilized . Data were collected using structured questionnaire , in-depth interview with key informants and child movement recording . Data entry and analysis was done using Epi Info version 6 statistical software . A total of 600 households f rom the three study areas (rural high land , rural lowland and t own)were assessed . Three hundred thirty four(55 . 7%)of the households had high exposure level to indoor smoke . Rural households were less likely to have adequate smoke clearance compared to urban households (OR=O . 3 ; 95% CI=O . 16 , 0 . 54) . Being muslem, mar ri ed , Mother illiterate and and low economic status were less likely to be in the low exposure status with adjusted OR(95%CI) of 2 . 24(1.39 , 3 . 54) , 0 . 41(0 . 18 , 0 . 82) , 0 . 36(0 . 2 , 0 . 66)and 0 . 34(0 . 22 , O . ~4) , respectively . The main source of i ndoor Hlnoke wa s biomass fuel used by 98 . 5% for cooking and 29 . 6% for heating . The majority (94.9%) were using open type of stove wi thout flue or chimney . The median (SO) of exposure time by the interview and observation was found to be 180(202) and 125(148) minutes , respecti vely. From this we conclude and recommend that biomass fuels are the principal sources for the indoor smoke , the poor socio- demographic and environmental factors e xpos e children t o indoor smoke and collecting information about exposure time of under f ive c h ildren using interview and observation methods has no statistically significant difference . Using cleaner fuels , improving social , e conomic , cultural and envi ronmental conditions could improve the exposure level to indoor smoke .
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    Exposure assessment to indoor smoke pollution in rural Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 1999-12) Eshete, Berhanu; Berhane, Yemane (PhD)
    Very little effort has been made in Ethiopia to assess the effect of indoor air p8l1ution at a community level . The aim of the study was to assess exposure to indoor air pollution at a household level and fi nd out the feasibility of using questionnaire in determining exposure level for indoor air pollution . Cross sectional study design was utilized . Data were collected using structured questionnaire , in-depth interview with key informants and child movement recording . Data entry and analysis was done using Epi Info version 6 statistical software . A total of 600 households from the three study areas (rural high land , rural lowland and town)were assessed . Three hundred thirty four(55 . 7%)of the households had high exposure level to indoor smoke . Rural households were less likely to have adequate smoke clearance compared to urban households (OR~O . 3 ; 95% CI~O . 16 , 0 . 54) . Being muslem , married , Mother illiterate and and low economi c status were less likely to De in the low exposure status with adjusted OR(95%CI) of 2 . 24(1.39 , 3 . 54) , 0 . 41(0 . 18 , 0 . 82) , 0 . 36(0 . 2 , 0 . 66)and 0 . 34(0 . 22 , 0 . 54) , respectively . The main source of indoor smoke was biomass fuel used by 98 . 5% for cooking and 29 . 6% for heating . The majority (94 . 9%) were using open type of stove without flue or chimney . The median (SO) of e xposure time by the interview and observation was found to be 180(202) and 125(148) minutes , respecti vely . From this we conclude and recommend that biomass fuels are the principal sources fo r the indoor smoke , the poor socio-demographic and environmental factors expose children to indoor smoke and collecting information about exposure time of under five children using interview and observation methods has no statistically significant difference . Using cleaner fuels , improving social , economic , cultu r al and environmenta l conditions could i mprove the exposure level to indoor smoke . 1