Browsing by Author "Eshete, Abebaw"

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    Demographic Responses to Women's Poverty in Addis Ababa: The Case of Kolfe Keranio Sub-City (Kebe/e 02 and 03)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2005-06) Eshete, Abebaw; Upadhyay, R.B. (PhD); Degefa, Tesfaye (PhD)
    Poverty in Ethiopia has been gendered phenomena that women were hardest hit by the problem oJpoverty. Various researches attempt to explain women's poverty in ,'elation to economic situations. Nonetheless. there is no or Jew research conducted on demographic responses oj women's poverty. ThereJore. this paper attempted to fill the gap considering the demographic responses in terms oj Jamily size. intention to migration. morbidity. marital status and Jamily planning. The data were collected from 422 women in Koife- Keranio sub city. Kebele 02/03 on the bases oj purposive and random sampling techniques. According to the descriptive analysis. most (68.5%) women have low monthly income less than 260 Bi'T. which is below poverty line based on the current exchange rate. Moreover. majority oj them live in poor housing conditions that were constructed Jrom poor materials. In addition to that. 2.7 %oj women experienced an early marriage and 22.3 % postponed marriage as result oj poverty. Further more. Chi square test oj indep endency was administered in order to identiJy any association that might exist between poverty status oj women and various ranges oj demographic responses to poverty. According to the Chi square test. morbidity. Jamily size and intention to move were Jound to have significant associations with poverty level oj women. The multivariate log istic "egression model revealed that respondents with better educational attainment have more intention to migrate as compared respondents with low educational attainment. The result oj multivariate logis tic regressionJor contraceptive use revealed that those respondents with educational attainment oj primruy and secondary and above use contraceptives 1.902 and 3.851 times greater respectively as compared to respondents with out schooling. In general. any poverty reduction strategy should take into account the demographic chru'acteristics oj poor women accordingly; a progress can be made to alleviate the women's poverty in particular and at societal level in general. In Ethiopia's tradition, the proper place women is said to be at home, and husbands have more power than wives do in the control of family resource. It is also observed that the members do not share the poverty of the poor fa mily equally. In poor family women often have responsible for managing the money wh ere men control the main source of income. Therefore, women primarily bear the burden of family's poverty On the other hand, poor women have highest fertility a t lower rate of caloIie intake. At macro level interactions compIises the way in which households respond to poverty. Family formations, migration strategies and the way in which child beaIing, dependence of and hou sehold s ize all directly affect the welfare (Rodger s, 1989).An important aspect of poverty may be reduced by high fertility that large family s ize may facilitate labour market s trategy b ut at the same time high fertility may be responsible for low incomes. The poor woman usua lly lacks assets as well as income and household mateIiais. Poor woman us ually live in shanty a ,'ea and have too many children. The number of children they bear determines their status in society, especially son s . Becau se of their social responsibilities and unequal status, women are particularly dependent on their children for secuIity. Poverty and low status of women are the pIimary cause of rapid population growth (!USSP, 1994). The present internal structure of urban poverty in Addis Ababa in particular s hows the fact that economic base and infrastructure levels are not in accordance with population size . Additional popula tion would not only aggravate the a lready existed socio - economic problems such as unemployment, housing, infrastructure, etc, but a lso rapid population growth would raise a seIious problem to the city of Addis Ababa. Among poor women especially women household heads seems to be the ones that are the most serious ly affected by the problem in the city la rge number of woman a re concentrated in the vaIious resource poor categoIies of urban population with out property and wealth. Gender based poverty assessments have found that women hit hardest by the problem of the problem of the city. The general fact shows that women earn low income. They are uneducated, malnourished and over burdened with difficult tasks. Most of these women get their income from working in inf01111al sector. These activities hinder them from saving and investing in the ways that they can improve their lives. Many of them live in squatter and slum areas of the city with low facilities (eRDA, 1997). The present study attempts to analyse this situation focusing on the demographic response of women's poverty in Addis Ababa.
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    The Nexus Between Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Investment and Economic Growth in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-01) Eshete, Abebaw; Debebe, Sisay (PhD)
    This study empirically studied the link between FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), domestic investment (private and public investment) and economic growth of Ethiopia for the period 1992 to 2019 by applying time series modelling and tests. ADF test for unit root result indicates all the variables are integrated of order one I (1), at their first differences. Johansen cointegration test shows the presence of cointegration among the variables in the long run. The long run estimates it indicated that domestic investment (private and public) and FDI have a positive relationship with economic growth, while, exchange rate was insignificant and negative relationship with economic growth of Ethiopia. Meanwhile, the Error Correction Term result indicates, the long run economic growth shock is adjusted (back to) equilibrium by 48% within a year. The pairwise Granger causality result showed economic growth Granger causes, FDI and vise-versa and there exist a bi-directional causality between FDI, exchange rate and economic growth. Impulse Response Function (IRF) indicates the response of economic growth to a unit standard deviation/shock/ on FDI, private investment, public investment and exchange rate were positive. Variance decomposition showed, the variability of economic growth fluctuation explained at the first period by itself and 73.7% shock explained in the second period, and 26.3% of shock is explained by FDI, exchange rate, private and public investment as a whole. Finally, as a policy implication the study recommends, government enhancement of private investment and FDI by removing of bottlenecks, such as volatility of exchange rate and creating fertile environment of investment in Ethiopia.