Browsing by Author "Ebrahim, Adem"
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Item Estimation of total oxidative stress and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in malaria patients in logia Dubti area, afar, Ethiopia: a case control study(Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-06) Ebrahim, Adem; Genet, Solomon (Phd, Assistant professor)Background: Malaria is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Out of the five Plasmodium species that cause malaria infection, P. falciparum is the deadliest. Total Oxidative Stress might be increased in malaria patients. This may originate from several sources including intracellular parasitized erythrocytes and extra-erythrocytes as a result of haemolysis and host immune response. This might lead to oxidative stress induced oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin (will not have a normal function like the normal hemoglobin) and will cause further complication in the malaria patients. Aim of the study: To estimate the total oxidative stress and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in malaria patients at Dubti Referral Hospital, Afar, Ethiopia, from October 2017- June 2018. Methodology: A case control study was undertaken with 60 malaria patients and 40 healthy controls. The severity of malaria was determined by density of parasitemia. Out of total 60 malaria patients, 32 were low, 16 moderate and remaining 12 were high parasitemia malaria patients. Levels of Total Oxidant Stress, Total Anti-Oxidant Capacity, Oxidative Stress Index, Uric Acid, Albumin, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin were measured in patients and healthy controls. Result: The ratio of total oxidative stress and total antioxidative capacity, uric acid, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were significantly increased in serum of malaria patients (30.47, 4.67mg/l, 2.65mg/l, and 3.37mg/l respectively) compared to healthy control groups (8.10, 4.1mg/l, 1.5mg/l, and 2.6mg/l respectively) (p<0.05). However, the serum level of albumin was significantly decreased in malaria patients compared to healthy control groups. Conclusion: Oxidative stress induced complications are important causes of severity as well as morbidity and mortality of malaria infection. Avoiding conditions that maximize oxidative status like alcohol, cigarette smoking etc and taking diets with antioxidant power like fruits and vegetables will help avert oxidative stress induced severity.Item Investigation into Some of the Engineering Properties of Soils in Debre Markos Town(Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Ebrahim, Adem; Haile, Messele (PhD)Investigation of the ground conditions is used for the economical design of the sub structure. It is also necessary to obtained sufficient information on type, characteristics and distributions of a soil and rock underlying a site for proposed structures. Investigating the engineering properties of soil found in Debre Markos town is the objective of this research. Because now a days Debre Markos is under development but there is no investigation work for most of the undertaking construction. To achieve the objective nine representative test pits were excavated to take representative disturbed and undisturbed samples at the average depth of around 1.5m and 3m. Study of engineering properties such as the grain size distributions, consistency limit, compaction, UCS and one dimensional consolidation parameters is important to understand the behavior of soils. The grain size analysis test result showed that the dominant proportion of soil particle in the research area is clay, which have clay content ranging from 50 % – 73% , silt faction 15.88% – 40.21 % and sand fraction 0.36% - 13.28%. The result of Atterberg Limit test on the soil in the research area showed a liquid limit ranging from 45% – 68%, plastic limit ranges from 18% – 38% and plastic index from 15% – 40%. The Specific Gravity ranges from 2.69 to 2.84. The Free swell test result on the samples collected shows range from 30 – 50% except TP 9 which was 180% because a sample on TP9 is expansive soil. From the compaction test results the maximum dry density (MDD) of Debre Markos soil ranges from 13.5kN/m3 to 14.2kN/m3 and the optimum moisture content ranges 28% to 36%. The values of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) range from 320.21kPa to 382.96kPa at natural moisture content of 41.2% to 26.7% respectively. According to the AASHTO Classification System the usual types of significant constituent materials of the Debre Markos soil is clayey soil. In Unified Soil Classification System, the soil is categorized as silty clay. Finally one-dimensional consolidation test was done. It showed that the area under investigation is over consolidated in its natural state, have compression index ranging from 0.14 to 0.32 recompression indexes, Cr, from 0.003 to 0.07, coefficient of permeability ranging from 10-7 to 10-9 cm/sec. Investigation in to some of the Engineering properties of soils in Debre Markos Town