Browsing by Author "Disasa, Tesfaye (PhD)"

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    Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Lablab (Lablab Purpureus (L.) Sweet - Fabaceae) in Konso Zone and Genetic Diversity of Collections from Ethiopia Using SSR Markers
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-10-23) Tamiru, Solomon; Feyisa, Tileye (PhD); Asfaw, Zemede (Professor); Disasa, Tesfaye (PhD)
    Lablab is an important multipurpose legume crop used for human consumption, animal feed and soil conservation. In spite of these qualities, the potential value of this crop has not been fully utilized, and little research attention has been given to this crop. The main objective of the study was to build the knowledge base from farmers’ perspectives and molecular genetic diversity analysis of Lablab collections using 15 SSR markers. The field study was conducted in December 2018 in six kebeles distributed in Konso zone by interviewing a total of 84 informants containing 72 randomly selected general informants and 12 purposively selected key informants (42 men and 42 women) of above 18 years age. The data were analyzed by entering the data into the excel spreadsheet version 2007 and summarized using descriptive statistics. A total of six Lablab farmers’ varieties were identified and the majority of the farmers give names to their varieties based on seed color. The main cultivation practices in the study area were intercropping Lablab with sorghum, maize and finger millet, and sole crop in the margin of terracing and fence line. In Konso zone, Lablab is mainly used for human food in the form of boiled grain (NIFRO), animal feed and soil conservation purpose. The molecular genetic diversity study of 91 lablab collections from the entire country revealed a total of 225 alleles with an average of 14.80 alleles per locus. All markers across the entire populations were found to be highly polymorphic and informative with PIC values ranging from 0.92 to 0.78 with a mean value of 0.85. The average expected heterozygosity and gene diversity was 0.75 and 0.86 respectively, indicating a high level of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 94% of the total genetic variation was attributed to within populations while only 6% was attributed to among populations. The smaller Fixation Index value (0.061) recorded indicates the presence of moderate population differentiation as a result of higher gene flow (Nm =3.820) among populations. Cluster, PCoA and Structure analysis revealed a weak association between geographical origin and genetic diversity confirming the presence of population admixtures due to seed exchange and sharing. The observed higher genetic diversity in Konso and West Wellega zones indicates hot spot area for genetic diversity and germplasm evaluation. Generally, ethnobotanical knowledge and genetic diversity obtained from this study provides inputs for Lablab conservation and improvement in Ethiopia.
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    Micropropagation of two apple (Malus domestica Borkh) varieties from shoot tip explants
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Guadie, Demsachew; Feyissa, Tileye (PhD); Bekele, Tesfaye (PhD); Disasa, Tesfaye (PhD)
    Malus x domestica Borkh is a perennial pomaceous fruit tree belonging to the family Rosaceae and sub-family Maloideae. Although the plant is generally found in the northern temperate zones of North America, Europe, Asia Minor and Asia, species within the genus have wide geographical distribution. Apple fruit has been considered to have high health benefits. Most of the species within the genus intercross. Since self-incompatibility is common, apples produced from seed are mostly interspecific hybrids. Therefore, it is difficult to produce true-to-type cultivars from seeds. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to develop micropropagation protocol for two apple (Malus domestica Borkh) varieties, MM106 and Anna, which are highly adapted for environmental conditions of Ethiopian highlands, using shoot tip explants and assessing the in vitro multiplication potential of this plant up to the fifth sub-culturing stage on MS medium. From the seven combinations of BAP and IBA in full MS medium was used for culture initiation, the servival percentages of the cultured shoots with healthy morphology were 96.7 for MM106 in 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l IBA medium composition and 93.3 for Anna in 1.5 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l IBA combinations. Among the different treatment combinations used for multiplication, 6.33 ± 0.50 and 4.93 ± 0.42 mean number of shoots were obtained in 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l BAP combined with 0.5 mg/l GA3 and 0.01 mg/l IBA for MM106 and Anna varieties respectively. Sub-culturing stage has also significantly affected multiplication potential of the two varieties. The maximum shoot number was obtained on the 5th (8.70 ± 2.77 mean number of shoots) and 2nd (7.63 ± 0.59 mean number of shoots) sub-culturing stages for MM106 and Anna varieties on the above respective multiplication media compositions. The two auxins, IBA or IAA, with or without activated charcoal (AC) showed significant difference in the number and length of roots of the two varieties. The maximum number of roots was 5.7 ± 0.69 for MM106 and 6.25 ± 0.50 for Anna in media supplemented with 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l IAA combined with AC, respectively. Relatively longer length roots (in cm) were obtained in 1.5 mg/l IBA without AC, 4.55 ± 1.40, for MM106 and 1.0 mg/l IBA with AC, 6.00 ± 0.95, for the Anna varieties. Finally, the survival rate of the acclimatized plantlets in the glasshouse was 91.4% and 65.7% for MM106 and Anna varieties, respectively. Key words or phrases: Ethiopia, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, Plant growth regulators, plantlet.