Browsing by Author "Desta, Teshome"
Item Assessment of the School Health Service in Addis Ababa during 1985/86 School Year(Addis Ababa University, 1986-09) Desta, Teshome; Desta, Asfaw (PhD)This study is an assessment of the school heal t h service in Addis Ababa which has been operating for the last 45 years. Fifty-seven school clinics serving a student population of 197,181 were se l ected according to set criteria . 'rhese school clinics were visited, medi cal records and reports for the 1985/86 school year revie\'19d , and school health workers interviewed. Najar he alth problems of school childr"n and problems in th ... delivery of the school h~alth servi ce its ~lf are i dentified . Accidents and injuries were .round to be the most prevalert health problems of school childrf;n \vith .:in overall incidence rate of about 22%. Over 45% of the: report ed deaths fer W1lich causes were possibly kno\vn during ·the same period were also aue t o accidents . Other categories of health problems includ.~ inte stinal parasite, dental problems, skin infections, eye and Ear probl ems and venereal diseases .. Available data s ugge !3t that most of these problems were cons istantl y o':;curring over the past 26 yeurs, E~X Cl2:pt for dental caries which has possibly appedred as .1 new phenomena in recent years. Comparison of the morbidity patterns between the school population and the general population of Addis 1lbaba did not show major differences . On the whole 1 most of the dis eas~ s and conditions idantified are o f the typc that can be prevent"d through general public health m€i1c.ures . Nost of the school clinics havL~ seri ous probl (:::l-:IS of space, budget 7 drugs and ffillnpower:_u Over T:::'r of the school clinics surveyed have only onc room each and about £:5% W'2re staffed by on0 hedlth worker each. Lack o f provision [or refresher courSGS r i nadequatt. supervisi on and ambulance problenls we r e a lso r eported. School }j;!alth s e r vice activiti es were found to be incomple t e in most of the important 3ctivities like pariodic medical examination of children, screening f o r defects and vaccinations . From the f i ndings of this study it can safely be concluded 'that school health servi ce i s a n.Ajlected <&rea of service demanding urgent acti on and therefore I' some recoTrUllendatiuns a:re made to help ill improving the exi sting s ituationItem Causes and Consequences of Irregular Migration of Young Adults from Southern Ethiopia to the Republic of South Africa: The Case of Kambata-Tembaro and Hadiya Zones(Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Desta, Teshome; Gurmu, Eshetu (PhD)This study investigates the socia-economic and demographic causes and consequences of irregular migration of young adults/rom southern Elh iopia down to the Republic a/Sollth Aji-ica. It is a cross-sectional study based on sample survey of 690 households with 658 eligible young adults aged 15 10 54 years belonging 10 three migrant categories in relation to migration status of South Africa, namely out migrants (226), return migrants (193) and non-migrants (239). The study is conducted in four randomly selected woredas and then households from two zones of the SNNPR-KembataTembaro and Hadiya- befween February to May, 2010. Data sources include questionnaire, key informant interviews, focused group discussions as well as administrative records both af local and national levels. The dala are analyzed using description, hi-variate and multi-variate slalislical techniques. Logistic regress ion model is also employed in assessing (he relationship between migration status and age, sex, marital stalus, education, employment, occupation and income, residence, birth order, ethnicity and religion. The major findings of Ihis sfudy are: [he irregular migration down to RSA is enormously dominated by lIlales (over 80%) and adults of age between 20-34 (57%). It is also fo und that the majority of migrants ' childhood residence is rural (73%) and 28% of the sampled migrants are first born child. Moreover, the study showed the presence of non-linear relationship between household size and migration status. Highest percentages of migrants (95%) are literate and this is dominated by those having secondGlY education. It is also found that the movement of young adults from southern Ethiopia to RSA is facilitated by a network of human smugglers found in Addis Ababa, Hossana, Dilla and Nairobi. The main cause for the irregular movement of adults is found 10 be nol absolute but relative poverty and 44% of them left their homeland for reasons of perceived better opportunilies in RSA, and only 8.5% o/the ciled poverty as llie main cause. The multivariate analysis showed that sex, age, education slallls and birth order having Significant impacl on the youth to migrate or nol while household s ize. place of childhood residence, zone, marital and employment slatus as well as religion found to have no significant impact. As to the consequences, th e study showed that most of return migrants (58%) are unemployed before th eir movements to RSA bill now over 92% of them are employed. The study also showed that the majority of returnees are earning high income now than before. and also more than [har of non-migrants. On the other hand, highest proportions of smuggled migrants reporled that their journeys were harsh with unexpected negative consequences. They also noted of robbery and theft while they were in RSA. The study concludes by suggesting some p olicy recommendations for intervention in handling the irregular movement of youth as \Veil as the need for detailed research. Key Words: Youth, Migratiou, Smuggling, Hossana, Opportunities, RSAItem Causes and Consequences of Irregular Migration of Young Adults from Southern Ethiopia to the Republic of South Africa: The Case of Kembata-Tembaro and Hadiya Zones(Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Desta, Teshome; Gurmu, Esbetu (PhD)This study investigates the socio-economic and demographic co uses and consequences of irregular migration oJyoung adultsJi"om sOllthern Ethiopia down to the Republic oJSollth AJi"ica. It is a cross-sectional stlldy based on sOlllple sllrvey oJ690 households with 658 eligible young adults aged 15 10 54 years belonging /0 three migrant categories in relation to migration sIC/Ius of South A/rica, namely out migrants (226), retul'l1l11igrants (/93) and non-migrants (239). The study is conducted in Jour randomly selected woredas and then hOllseholds Ji"01ll two zones oJ the SNNPR- KembataTembaro and Hadiya-be/Ween February ta May, 2010. Data sources include questionnaire, key informant interviews, focused group discussions as well as administrative records both at local and narional levels. The dala are analyzed using description, bi -variate and multi-variate statistical techniques. Logistic regression model is also employed in assessing the relationship between migration slat us and age, sex, marilal status, education, employment, occupation and income, residence, birth order, elhnicity and religion. The major findings oj th is study are: the irregular migration down to RSA is enormously dominated by males (over 80%) and adults oj age between 20-34 (57%). It is alsa Jound that the majority oj migrants' childhood residence is rural (73%) and 28% oJthe sampled migrants are first born child. Moreover, the study showed the presence oj non-linear relationship be/ween household size and migration status. Highest percentages oj migrants (95%) are literate and this is dominated by those having secondary education. It is also Jound that the movement oj young adults from southern Ethiopia to RSA is facilitated by a ne/Work oj human smugglers Jound in Addis Ababa, Hossana, Dilla and Nairobi. The main cause for the irregular movement of adults is found to be not absolute but relative poverty and 44% of thetll left their homeland Jar reasons of perceived belter opportunities in RSA, and only 8.5% oJthe cited poverty as the main cause. The multivariate analysis showed that sex, age. education status and birth order having significant impact on the youth to migrate or not while household size, place oj childhood residence, zone, marital and employment status as well as religion found to have no significant impact. As to the consequences, the study showed that most of return migrants (58%) are unemployed before their movements to RSA but now over 92% of them are employed. The study a/so showed that the majority of returnees are earning high income now than beJore, and also more than that of non-migrants. On the other hand, highest proportions of smuggled migrants reported thaI their journeys were harsh with unexpected negative consequences. They also noted oj robbery and theft while they were in RSA. The study concludes by suggesting some policy recommendations for intervention in handling the irregular movement of youth as well as the need Jor detailed research. Key Words: Youth, Migration, Smuggling, Hossana, Opportunities, RSA