Browsing by Author "Demtse Asrat"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Hand Hygiene among NICU Nurses Working in Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-07) Birhane Aklil; Demtse Asrat; Melaku Birhanu
    Background: Hand hygiene is one of the effective measures for infection prevention and control. HCAIs are the primary causes of illness and death in NICUs. It has been estimated that 30-40% of HCAIs are related to contamination of HCW hands especially nurses have a contact for a long time with neonates. Thus, this study is intended to provide information on the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among NICU nurses. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among NICU nurses working in public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Materials and methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted and purposive sampling was used for selecting hospitals. All 120 NICU nurses working in five public hospitals under AAHB from February 18 to March 25, 2020, were included in this study. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and observational checklist which consists of four sections. A pretest was carried out in TASH and data was collected by trained health professionals’ under the supervision of a trained supervisor. The collected data were entered using Epi Data version 4.6.0.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, and mean) and bivariate logistic regression analysis were used.Final results were presented using texts, pie-charts, tables, and graphs. Results: A total of 114 NICU nurses with a response rate of 95% have participated. This study showed that the majority of the NICU nurses 96(84.2%) had moderate, 15 (13.2%) had good and 3(2.6%) had poor knowledge. Level of attitude majority of nurses 88(77.2%) had moderate,23(20.2%) had good, and 3(2.6%) had poor. Most of them 93(81.6%) had poor, 21(18.4%) had moderate and 00(0.0%) had a good practice on hand hygiene. There was no significant association between dependent variables (KAP) and socio-demographic variables. Conclusions and recommendations: Based on the study findings it can be concluded that majority of them had moderate knowledge and attitude but they had poor practice regarding hand hygiene. Therefore, it is recommended to give training on hand hygiene guidelines including monitoring the practice regularly.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Avoidable Factors in Perinatal Mortality Identified by Clinical Audit at Tikur Anbessa Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012) Demtse Asrat ; Spector Jonathan
    Perinatal Mortality (PNM) is high in developing countries when compared to high income countries. The major causes of PNM are infection, birth asphyxia and complications related to prematurity. The current perinatal mortality rate in Ethiopia is 37 per 1000 births. Clinical audit has emerged as a powerful methodology for determining cause of mortality and identifying potential avoidable factors that contributed to the death. Systematically analyzing deaths in this way is important in order to improve clinical management and introduce new measures to reduce PNM in the future. This study is a prospective investigation of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths that was conducted for a six month period (from June 1st to November 30th 2012) among inborns at Tikur Anbessa Hospital. The audit was conducted by a multi-disciplinary team comprised of obstetricians, midwives, pediatricians and neonatal nurses. The audit process was involved medical record review; interview of relevant health staff; and interview of families (after informed consent). The cause of death and potential avoidable factors was assessed for each case. The findings was collected and presented in a publishable-quality manuscript. Feedback was given to clinical and administrative leaders at Tikur Ambessa Hospital to inform new measures to be implemented to decrease PNM.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Barriers and Self-Reported Practices towards the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Machine in Newborns among Pediatrics’ Residents in Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-12) Arega Gashaw; Demtse Asrat
    Introduction: - Child survival should remain at the heart of global health and development goals. The leading causes for neonatal death in Ethiopia are prematurity, asphyxia, and neonatal sepsis. Premature newborns with RDS can be managed effectively with breathing support, such as mechanical ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), as well as surfactant replacement therapy. CPAP is strongly recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of preterm newborns with RDS. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess barriers and self-reported practices towards the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine in newborns among Pediatrics Resident’s at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted from July 1 – September 30, 2021 G.C to assess barrier’s and self-reported practices towards the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in newborns among Pediatrics Resident’s at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Self-administered questionnaire used to collect data among Pediatrics residents of TASH. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics by SPSS version 25. Result: Of the total 112 participants 57.1% (64/112) have any form of formal teaching, learning or training session on CPAP in their Newborn care practice. 80.4 % of Participants used improvised water bottle system. The most common reported barriers to the usage of CPAP at NICU are availability of CPAP machine, availability of oxygen, availability of nasal prong and shortage of staff. There was significant difference in the practice of CPAP safety check lists between residents with different year of residency. Recommendation: - The current findings suggest that there is significant room for improving CPAP usage in NICU by optimizing teaching and training session on CPAP, by enhancing and increasing the knowledge and practice of health care workers, tackling perceived barrier’s that hamper the practice of using CPAP, preparing manuals that can be a guide for fostering CPAP usage and creating a smooth working environment for experience sharing among health workers practicing in NICU
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Prevalence of Early onset Neonatal Sepsis in Term Prolonged Rupture of Membrane, Associated Factors and Management Practice in Tikur Anbessa Specialized and Ghandi Memorial Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia:Institution Based Prospective Cross-Sectioal Study.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-02) Sechiw Mandefro; Demtse Asrat
    Background: Generally newborn babies are at higher risk of infection because of their weak immune systems related to their age. According to the World Health Organization,approximately four million neonates die annually with a global neonatal mortality rate of23/1,000 live births . About a million of these deaths are attributable to neonatal infection.Prolonged rupture of membrane is one of the risk factors for EONS and it is more common in term pregnancy. However there was no study in Ethiopia about its association of EONS interm neonates. Objective: The overall aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of EONS in term prolonged rupture of membrane and associated factors at TASH and Gandhi memorialhospital Methods: Institutional based prospective cross sectional study was conducted among 319selected newborns who were evaluated at TASH and Gandhi memorial hospital from August1st 2023 to January 30th 2024 .Data was collected from patient history, physical examination,Data wascompiled and analyzed using software Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version26. Descriptive statistics were performed using frequency, mean and standard deviation.Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression were done to identify risk factors ofEONS .Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval at a p-value<0.05 was declared asstatistically significant. Result: About 278/ 319 (87%) of the mother were between the age of 20 to 35 years. Around2/3 (76%) of mothers gave birth vaginally and in about 67 (21%) of cases C/S was done.Labor was spontaneous in about 88%. Most mothers 292(91.5%) delivered at hospital.Duration of labor was less than 20 hours in about 89% of cases. Most of the mothers (93%)took antibiotics for more than 04 hours before delivery. More than ½(58.6%) of newbornswere male and 97% had normal birth weight. The prevalence of EONS was 32/319(10%).Tachypnea was the most common (87.5%) sign of sepsis. Around 2/3 (78%) of casesdeveloped clinical manifestation with in the first 24 hours of life. Maternal fever (p value <0.05 AOR, 73). Newborns with duration of ROM <24 hours was 87 %( 0.13(0.02, 0.80) lessseptic as compared to duration of ROM more than 72 hours. Conclusion: Maternal fever, prolonged duration of rupture of membrane and no maternalantibiotics administration was associated with early onset sepsis.so proper advice aboutrupture of membrane during ANC follow up and early prophylactic antibiotics admirations recommended.