Browsing by Author "Dawit Ermias"

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    Pornographic Consumption and its Association with Sexual Debut among High School Students of Gulele Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2015-06) Dawit Ermias; Mitike Molla
    Background: Pornography is usually defined as any materials that are intended to produce or has the effect of producing sexual arousal. Several research findings argue that exposure to pornography promotes early engagement in sexual activities. There is no recent similar study conducted in Ethiopia context. Objective To assess pornographic consumption, the reason for consumption and its association with sexual debut among high school students of Gulele Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A mixed-method approach was used and a total of 806 randomly selected students were participated in the cross-sectional survey of quantitative phase. For the qualitative data 36 students participated in six focus group discussions. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze quantitative data and Open Code software was used to code and categorize the qualitative data and content analysis was used. Result: Majority of students 569(72.5%) were exposed at least once while 368(47%) consumed (used pornographic materials repeatedly). More male consumed pornography compared to female students. Students who used pornography were in higher proportion of reported not to have used condoms and have multiple sexual partners. Pornographic consumers were found to be 6 times more likely to have sexual debut compared to non users [AOR (95% CI) 6.2(3.7-10.5)]. The qualitative study indicated that students consumed pornography to get information and experience about sexuality. Conclusion and Recommendation Higher exposure and consumption of pornographic materials were significantly associated with sexual debut and high proportion of students who consumed pornography having risky sexual behavior. Promotion of open discussion and school based sexual education could inform youth about their sexuality and reproductive health. Establishing legal framework to control expansion of pornography is an important intervention in developing countries where a large proportion of the population is dominated by young people.
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    Project Management challenges in Small and Medium Enterprises: the case of Arba Minch town
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-01) Dawit Ermias; Zegeye Muluye (PhD)
    The purpose of this study was mainly to assess project management challenges of SMEs in thecase of Arba Minch town, South Ethiopia. Which aimed to determine SMEs' project managementpractices, identify related challenges, and examine the correlation between managers' projectmanagement literacy and SME growth. To achieve these objectives, the study employed adescriptive research design with a quantitative approach. Stratified sampling was used to select asample of 221 SMEs from a total population of 515 SMEs in Arba Minch town. Data collectionwas conducted using adapted questionnaire, and the collected data was analyzed using SPSSversion 27. The major findings of the study revealed that project management was an identifiableprocess in only 2 (1%) of the SMEs surveyed. Furthermore, a significant majority of 179 (89.9%)SMEs had their projects managed by individuals who lacked project management literacy. Thestudy also found a positive and moderate correlation between project management literacy and the growth of SMEs. This suggests that higher levels of project management literacy among managers are associated with better growth outcomes for SMEs. Based on these findings, the study recommends further research into the intertwined challenges related to project management inSMEs. It also suggests identifying the most significant factors affecting the performance andgrowth of SME projects to develop targeted interventions that can enhance project managementpractices and support SME growth. Key words: project, project management challenges, small and medium enterprises.