Browsing by Author "Dawit Desalegn"

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    Analysis of Land Use/Cover Change and Its Correlation with Land Surface Temperature in Asella and its Surrounding Area, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Dawit Desalegn; Muluneh W/Tsadik (PhD)
    One of the primary environmental issues and challenges that have a significant impact on the growth of agriculture and urban areas is the change in land use and cover change (LU/LC). The world is currently dealing with an excessive rise in land surface temperature (LST) year to year. The present study has investigated the analysis of land use/cover change and its correlation with land surface temperature. The study was carried out in Asella and its surrounding area, located in the Oromia region, Eastern Ethiopia. LU/CC, NDVI, and LST were extracted from Landsat TM (1987), Landsat ETM + (2005), and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2023) using GIS and remote sensing tools. A split window algorithm was used to calculate the land surface temperature. Using geospatial techniques, changes in LU/LC that took place throughout the research area between 1987 and 2023 were assessed, examined, and validated by Google Earth. The result of LU/CC showed that farmland land covered more than 53% throughout the study times (1987–2023) Based on the analysis, the majority of regions with lower LST in 1987 and higher LST in 2023. This occurred due to an increase in various LU/LC changes, particularly the study area's declining plant cover. Through the use of zonal statistics as a table to link the LST and the LU/LC class parameters, it has been discovered that a negative association between LST and vegetation cover. The findings for land surface temperature indicated that the values ranged from 8.74ºC to 48.85ºC in the Southwestern, Ziway wetter bodies, and Southeastern along Chilalo Terara. The high NDVI number is what caused this to occur. In contrast, the LST values in the central, northeastern, northern, and west regions were high, reaching as high as 48.85ºC. Consequently, a visual comparison of 1987, 2005, and 2023 images demonstrated the significant influence that LU/LC type and NDVI status have on the variability of LST values. Reversing the LU/CC has proven to be challenging. Nonetheless, several actions need to be taken by environmental specialists and pertinent organizations to reduce their influence on the environment and LST. The efficiency of employing geospatial tools as time- and money-saving techniques for LST analysis and evaluation is demonstrated by this study. Keywords: Remote sensing, GIS, LU/LC, LU/CC, LST, NDVI, and Landsat image
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    Magnitude and Determinants of Primary Cesarean Section Among Women who Give Birth At 37 & Above Weeks of Gestational Age in three Teaching Hospitals of Addis Ababa University in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-09-16) Dawit Mekonnen; Mahlet Yigeremu; Dawit Desalegn
    Background: The use of cesarean section has expanded to low-, middle-, and high income nations along with notable advancements in clinical obstetric care and better surgical procedure safety. According to Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the national population-based cesarean section rate climbed from 0.7 percent in 2000 to 1.9 percent in 2016, with rises throughout seven of the country's eleven administrative areas. Studies done in Addis Ababa public hospitals showed that the rate of cesarean section ranges between 21% and 38%. The rate of primary cesarean sections, however, has never been researched and no data is available. To lower this concerning cesarean section rate, it is crucial to look at decision-making processes and put in place a safe prevention strategy for primary cesarean section practice, as advised by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine in their obstetric care consensus recommendation. Objectives: To assess the magnitude and determinants of primary cesarean section among women who gave birth at term in three teaching hospitals of Addis Ababa University in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 01 to April 30, 2024. Systematic random sampling was used to select 422 participants. The structured, pretested, and anonymous questionnaire was used, and data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and will be exported analysis to SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were performed, and then used tables and figures to present the findings. A P-value of <0.05 will be considered statistical significance. Result: Four hundred twenty-two women’s medical charts were included in this study, making 100% response rate. Our research finding indicates that 25.83% of women underwent a primary cesarean section. The most frequent indications for primary cesarean section were fetal distress (55%), mal-presentation (19.3%), failed induction (11.9%), and CPD (11%). Our research findings indicate that parity, gestational diabetic mellitus, chronic medical disease, fetal presentation, fetal membranes status and liquor status were variable statistically significantly associated with Primary CS with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: The magnitude of primary cesarean section in this study was high. Our study emphasizes the need for careful monitoring and management of women with gestational diabetic mellitus, chronic medical conditions during pregnancy, and the importance of monitoring the status of the fetal membranes during labor. The results indicate that most neonates had favorable outcomes. Further research could explore interventions that address factors, potentially reducing the overall rates of cesarean deliveries while ensuring safety for both mothers and infants.
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    Maternal and Fetal outcome of Twin Pregnancies among Women who Delivered at three Teaching Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institutional-Based Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-10-13) Habtamu Gebeyehu; Dawit Desalegn
    Complications for the mother and the newborn are more common in twin pregnancies. In developing nations, the results of twin pregnancies have not been thoroughly investigated.. Remarkably limited research on the frequency and effects of twin pregnancies have been conducted in Ethiopia