Browsing by Author "Dagnaw, Temesgen"

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    Characterization of Ethiopian Durum Wheat Landraces and Cultivars for Processing Quality Using Phenotypic Traits and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-09-02) Dagnaw, Temesgen; Tesfaye, Kassahun (PhD); Haileselassie, Teklehaimanot (PhD); Geleta, Mulatu (PhD)
    Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf.) is getting attention in terms of production and area coverage at the global level. Its unique characteristics to produce pasta and related end-products increased the preference for durum wheat by millers and processors. Ethiopia is considered as a center of diversity for durum wheat. However, in Ethiopia, durum wheat is facing serious genetic erosion due to the expansion of teff and bread wheat, and the cultivation of exotic durum wheat materials. The genetic resource of the Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes has been limitedly explored for its processing quality attributes at the level of both phenotypic and molecular diversity. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the genetic diversity and evaluate the processing quality attributes of Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes using phenotypic traits and SSR markers. The field experiment was conducted at two locations (Sinana in Bale zone and Chefe Donsa in East Shewa zone) to assess the phenotypic diversity. The phenotypic characterization of genotypes showed a wide range of variability for most quantitative and qualitative traits. The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed highly significant (P<0.01) variations among genotypes for the majority of the traits studied. Gluten content (GL) and grain yield (GY) showed high and intermediate heritability, respectively, combined with moderate genetic advance, and grain protein content (GPC) showed intermediate heritability combined with low genetic advance. Both, GPC and GL showed a significant and negative correlation with GY. Cluster analysis based on quantitative traits grouped the genotypes into 5 major clusters. The first four principal components (PCs) explained 64% of the total variation. Based on qualitative traits, high genetic variation was observed among genotypes. Correspondence analysis discriminated cultivars from other populations of landraces. Finally, 104 best-qualified genotypes for processing quality traits were selected and assessed using quality traits associated 14 SSR markers, which had high mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.56 and gene diversity (0.61). High levels of genetic diversity was obtained among all populations (I = 0.86; He = 0.46). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed high genetic variation within populations (88.35%) and among populations (11.65%). The Neighbor-joining (NJ) clustering and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) grouped the genotypes into three major clusters. In addition, Bayesian model-based population structure analysis revealed two major genetic groups. Overall, this study revealed high genetic diversity among Ethiopian durum wheat landraces and cultivars, and these genotypes can be used to identify the best genotype/s for processing quality attributes and subsequent use in the Ethiopian durum wheat improvement programs.