Browsing by Author "Biruk Tesfaye"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Effectiveness of Erector Spinae Plane Block vs Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Elective Breast Surgery Under General Anesthesia in Selected Governmental Hospital, Addis Ababa; Prospective Cohort Study, December 20 -April 30, 2022/23
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-07-19) Getnet Gashaw; Biruk Tesfaye
    Breast surgery is one of the most common types of surgery done worldwide. Inadequate postoperative analgesia leads to serious medical problems.TPVB has been a commonly used nerve block technique for post-surgical analgesia for breast surgery. ESPB the recently introduced nerve block method for providing anti-pain after mastectomy is safer, easily performed, and provides an adequate level of sensory blockage Objective: The objective of this research thesis was to compare postoperative analgesic effectiveness of erector spinae plane block vs thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery, in selected governmental hospitals of Addis Ababa; a comparative prospective cohort study,2022/2023. Methods: After ethical committee approval, a prospective cohort study was conducted among 66 patients who undergo breast surgery from December 20-2022 to April 30, 2023. Data were collected by structured questionnaire and collected data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS version 25. Categorical data were analyzed by chi-square while Continuous data were analyzed by student t-test and Mann-Whitney U test for parametric & non-parametric data respectively. Data were reported by mean and standard deviation , median and inter-quartile range (IQR) based on data normality. 80% power and 95% Confidence. Results were considered as statistical significant when p value is <0.05 Result:-A total of 33 patients were involved with 100% response rate shows that the mean duration of 1st analgesic request time was significantly longer in the ESPB group (7.36 ±1.168hr) compared to the thoracic paravertebral group(6.61±1.321 hr) with a p-value of 0.016. Total postoperative analgesic consumption and pain severity score were comparable across the group with p-value >0.05. Conclusion & recommendation:-ESPB provides prolonged postoperative analgesia for breast surgery and using it as a postoperative pain management plan improves patient satisfaction compared with TPVB.We would like to recommend setups that lack strong opioids for postoperative pain management should do ESPB for elective breast surgery as a post-operative pain management plan.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Factors Contributing to Tax Evasion: the Case of Small and Medium Enterprises in Addis Ababa City Administration
    (A.A.U, 2023-12-04) Biruk Tesfaye; P. Laxmikantham (PhD)
    The study's objective was to determine the elements that influence tax evasion in Addis Ababa’s Small and Medium Enterprises. In addition to using purposive and stratified sample procedures, the research used both descriptive and explanatory research designs. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the primary data for the study, and it was then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Just 310 out of the 371 surveys questionnaires that were collected from randomly chosen taxpayers were fully completed, returned, and used in the research. The study's findings demonstrated that tax evasion is positively and significantly impacted by the negative attitudes of taxpayers regarding taxes, the cost of tax compliance, and corruption. Yet, tax knowledge, tax fairness, and tax fines and enforcements each have a negative and significant impact on tax evasion. The most positive and substantial impact on tax evasion is caused by negative attitudes of taxpayers regarding taxes from the six predictor factors. The study then made the suggestion that in order to reduce the expense of tax compliance, the tax authority should make sure the tax system is clear and straightforward. The study also recommended that the government use taxpayer funds wisely and transparently, communicate with taxpayers about tax programs to promote the benefits of paying taxes in order to improve tax compliance and reduce tax evasion, in order to change the negative attitude developed by taxpayers toward tax.