Browsing by Author "Birhanu Alemu"

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    Assessment of Latrine Utilization and Associated Factors Among RuralCommunity Members in Diksis Woreda,West Arsi Zone,Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-03) Birhanu Alemu; Abera Kumie
    Background: Sanitation is a fundamental requirement to be accessible to every individual to protect from many diarrheal related infections. The maximum benefit of sanitation facilities, such as latrine, is achieved if latrines are used properly. There exist many factors that challenge the use of latrines in the rural areas of Ethiopia. This master’s thesis attempted to fill this gap. Objectives: The study aimed at determining latrine utilization and associated factors among the rural community members in Diksis woreda, Arsi, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods: - A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December, 2020 among 591selected households with latrine facilities from 4 randomly selected Kebeles. Multistage systematic random sampling method was used. Data were collected by trained Environmental Health professionals using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire via face-to-face interviews and on-the-spot observations of the latrines. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21.0 for data cleaning and analysis. Data were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model at 95% confidence interval (CI).From the multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables with p-value < 0.025 were taken as statistically significant and independently associated with latrine utilization. Model fitness was checked using Hosmer-Lemes how test. Result: About 60 %( 591) households surveyed had latrines functioning. The rate of latrine Utilization was 30.7% in the rural communities. using them regularly. Main reasons for non-use of latrine were latrine pit is full, slab not safe to use and lack of material to construct of the latrine. Sex of the respondent [AOR= 0.18, 95%CI, 0.18 (0.11-0.29), Educational status of wife AOR= 2.2, 95%CI, 2.2 (1.44-3.34), a school age children AOR= 1.66, 95%CI, 1.66 (1.1-2.55),), a family size, AOR= 2.1, 95%CI, 2.1 (1.36-3.16), Climate condition, OR= 0.56, 95%CI, 0.56 (0.35-0.90),were the major predictors affecting utilization of latrines. Conclusion: The rural community of Diksis woreda's latrine status and utilization were found to be very low, indicating that more attention was needed to encourage hygiene and sanitation behavior in the community. It is suggested that an intervention be implemented to promote behavioral changes toward latrine use.
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    Psychosocial Experiences of Parents With Mentally Retarded Children (The Case Of Six Families In Addis Ababa)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2004-06) Birhanu Alemu; Almaz Bezzu
    This study explores the social and emotional experiences of parents with mentally retarded children. Six mentally retarded children and their respective parents were the main subjects of the study. Interview guide was used for data collection. The data was presented in a descriptive form and analyzed qualitatively. Two parents quarrelled with their neighbors and other two parents also quarrel with their spouses because of their mentally retarded children. Siblings of the mentally ,. retarded children complain for being disfavored by their parents. Mentally retarded children deprive 3 of the parents of attending social activities outside home, and the parents are penalized as a result. The news that their children are mentally retarded makes parents experience such feelings as: shock, grief, anger, fear, worry, hopelessness, helplessness and acceptance of the fact. Four of the six parents accepted the reality immediately. The parents vary in their coping. Parents' social and emotional experiences are partly interdependent. However, they are not seen as functions of severity of the disability and sex of the children except that mothers of 2 of the 3 female children are anxious that their children may be raped. The children's improvement, counseling and supports that the parents get help the parents in the coping. Therefore, the children should get education so that they would improve. The society at large and ,family members also should be enlightened as to what mental retardation is and have positive attitude towards mentally retarded children and their parents and be supportive