Browsing by Author "Bethlehem Fetene"

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    The Legal and Practical Bottlenecks for The Formation and Operation of Collective Management Organizations in Ethiopia:
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-05) Bethlehem Fetene; Biruk Haile (PhD)
    The system of collective administration of rights is introduced to Ethiopia by the Copyright and Neighboring Rights Protection (Amendment) Proclamation No. 872/2014. While this is a step forward, the adequacy of the legal framework governing the system leaves much to be desired. This Thesis has examined this legal framework using doctrinal and non-doctrinal methods and concludes that the legal framework is incomplete. By failing to define the key concept of ‘sector association’, the Proclamation has already complicated the establishment of two collective management organizations (CMOs). It also fails to provide for rules governing the relationship between right holders and CMOs, between CMOs and end users, and resale rights. Moreover, the failure of the Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office to adopt manuals on specific supervisory processes adds to the inadequacy of the legal framework. The Thesis recommends specific legal reforms that address these inadequacies through amending the Proclamation, and /or revising the draft Regulations before it is adopted.
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    The use of Alternative Communications for Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Ward at St’ Paulos Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Bethlehem Fetene; Alemayehu Teklemariam (PhD)
    Effective communication is essential in healthcare settings to ensure favourable patient outcomes and minimize avoidable adverse events. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies play a crucial role in supplementing or replacing verbal communication, particularly for intubated patients. However, communication barriers persist in healthcare systems, impacting patient care and psychological well-being. Recognizing and addressing these barriers is vital to improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. So the main objective of this research is to explore and describe the existing communication modalities used by health professionals believe regarding the use of alternative communication or AAC into patient care in ICU and Emergency units of St. Paulo’s Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. While conducting the research, a convergent mixed research design was employed to collect data at St. Paul’s Millennium Medical College. The qualitative phase utilized a phenomenological approach for sampling 14 participants, while the quantitative phase employed cross-sectional method for sampling 69 observational representatives. Data analysis was facilitated using NVivo for qualitative data and SPSS version 22 for quantitative data. The research revealed that the prevalent communication methods among health professionals was conducted with head nodding and yes/no gestures being the most common. However, the success rates of these methods varied, with writing demonstrating 100% success but limited (only 15.9%) usage. Positive communication behaviours such as improving patient comprehension were noted, but gaps in suggesting communication strategies to patients were observed. Health professionals expressed favourable attitudes towards integrating alternative communication modalities, despite their limited usage at this moment. Generally, this study highlights the prevailing communication methods and their varying degrees of success among health professionals in the ICU and Emergency units at St. Paulo’s Hospital. While positive communication behaviours were evident, there remains a need to address gaps in suggesting communication strategies to patients. Based on the finding, the favourable attitudes towards alternative communication modalities suggest potential for enhancing patient care in these settings. It is recommended that targeted interventions and training programs be developed to improve communication strategies, thereby enhancing overall patient care and outcomes in the ICU and Emergency unit.