Browsing by Author "Berhane, Zerihun (PhD)"

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    An Assessment of Socio-Economic Factors on Crime: A Case Study of Kaliti Correctional Administration, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-07) Kebede, Meti; Berhane, Zerihun (PhD)
    Social and economic factors have an influence on the state of people’s lives which in turn influence their behavior. The aim of this thesis is to assess influence of socio-economic factors on crime in Ethiopia, with particular emphasis on the triggering factors that led inmates who are serving time in Kaliti Correctional Administration to criminal behavior. By using differential association theoretical framework as a tool of explanations, the present study assessed the influence of socio-economic factors that prompt criminal behavior. As a result, qualitative method was employed to capture the attitudes and perceptions of the offenders about their knowledge and/or experience of crime and how they have been influenced by socio-economic factors. This study employed both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data was collected from 15 respondents through in-depth interview with offenders serving time in Kaliti Correctional Administration and key informant interview with police officers, administrative officials of Kaliti Correctional Administration and it was the main and first hand data of information for the study. Though the main and first hand source of data is primary, it was supplemented by information gathered from secondary sources of data. Review of relevant document, literature, published books, journals and research report that have direct or indirect relation with the research objective was also reviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. As the findings of the study show, social and economic factors influence the tendency of participants to commit crime; however, certain conditions are more prone to crime than others. From the interview result, it is observed that poor socialization; parent’s failure to give a proper guidance for the children, peer influence and lack of income are among the factors that were significantly influenced participant’s tendency to commit crime. In conclusion, social and economic factors have an influence on the incidences of criminal acts.
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    A Study on the Prevalence of Child Labor in Africa: A Case Study of Kechene Neighborhood, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-01) Korme, Ashenafi; Berhane, Zerihun (PhD)
    This research aimed at investigating the prevalence of child labor in Africa: a case study of Kechene neighborhood in Ethiopia. The study focused on the overall feature of child labour in Africa and Ethiopia, legal instruments of Ethiopia and the gap between the child protection laws on theory and its implementation; the causes for the involvement of children in the labour market; the social, economic, health and educational impacts of child labour on the working children; the challenges and abusive practices that these working children face; the opinions of child labourers to wards to child labour. To carry out this research, the researcher employs a qualitative method. With regards to data collection tools, the researcher collected primary data‟s through semi-structured interviews, FDG and observation. “Child labour” theories such as the „labour market‟, the „human capital‟, the „social responsibility‟ and the „child-centered‟ theories were reviewed for shedding light on the issue of child labour in the waveing and pottery activities of kechene neighborhood. Child labour in the potter and waver activities are not expansively studied. To my knowledge, the already existed few studies were only concerned with the investigation of on the fundamental causes and consequences of child labour. The findings of this study shows that the phenomena of poverty, immigration and family displacement, trafficking, unemployment, prevalence of HIV/AIDS, parental death and educational system are the major causes of child labour in the study area. It also shows the negative impacts of child labour on the holistic personality development of working children. “Work” might have a positive impact of enabling children to meet their basic needs, develop self-confidence and a sense of self-reliance. Children may perceive the phenomena of child labour from different angle. Some children, view „work‟ as useful for their survival. Some others perceive it like „harmful‟ to their development. In this study more emphasis was also given to examine the notion of the Ethiopian government‟s child labour legislations and their enforcements or lack of it in the context of study area. It was found out that the government of Ethiopia has sufficient legislations that were intended to protect children from varies sorts of exploitation. But what is found as the main problem observed in here was the improper or insufficient enforcement of the legislations. And this finding of the study shows the existence of a serious gap between the laws in theory and their practical implementations by the authorities