Browsing by Author "Berhane, Yemane(Professor)"

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    Assessment of Community Volunteers Home Based Care for Peoples Living With HIV/AIDS in Adama (Nazareth) Town, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2006-05) T/ selassie, Wondwossen; Berhane, Yemane(Professor)
    Background: Currently, HBC programs for PLWHA are implemented in different African countries after the inceptions of the epidemic. However, the designed HBC programs may differ from place to place, that means whether model of community/NGO-based initiative or Hospital-based initiative HBC programs. To implement CHBC program for PLWHA efficiently and effectively, it is necessary to assess the perceptions and contextual experience of home caregivers in the community. Objective: It was to assess and explore the contextual based experience of CVHBC service for PLWHA in oromia region, Adama (Nazareth) town. Methods: Using a qualitative method the perceptions, range of activities, and the major challenges in HBC were described in this study. In-depth interview and FGDs were conducted with VHC givers and their team leaders selected from the ‘six’ HBC-teams in the town. The selection of study-participants was purposive with the aim of obtaining knowledgeable and experienced individual VHC-givers from the team members. Findings: The findings were described in three categories: perception of VHC givers to HBC, range of HBC activities, and challenges in HBC. The result showed that VHC givers perceived that HBC is a continuum of care that help PLWHA by providing basic care according to their needs in their home without any gap between health facilities and HBC. However, they performed a limited range of home care activities that were inadequate care. Further more, patients’ poverty, lack of adequate resources, lack of adequate support; presence of stigma, rejection, and abuse; lack of training and supervision by health professional and for caregivers, and lack of health care infrastructures were indicated as the major factors that affect the provision of better quality home care. v Conclusion: In general, the HBC process in the study areas were indicated that it was unorganized and not coordinated, which means there was lack of professional support as well as lack of adequate materials and financial support besides the lack of all stakeholders’ participations, lack of adequate HBC infrastructure and the absence of communications among the organizations. Further studies, however, are recommended for better understanding of these major challenging issues in HBC of PLWHA, using a combination of qualitative & quantitative research methods
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    Assessment of Effect of Household Health Extension Package on Prevension of Trachoma in Kola Tembien, Tigray Region, North Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2006-06) Tewelde, Yohannes; Berhane, Yemane(Professor)
    Background: Tigray is one of the first regions in Ethiopia that implementing health extension package program at household level. In 2002/2003 EC this program strengthened and expanded in all woredas of the Region. Kola Tembien woreda, which is our study area, has 4000 households which are graduated and involved in the program for the last 3 years. Objective: To assess the impact of having HEP on active trachoma prevalence, and identify challenges, achievements and factors for sustainable implementation of the program. Methodology: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in Kola Tembien District. Using systematic random sampling 310 households from intervention and 621 households from non-intervention households were interviewed in 31 randomly selected villages. Ophthalmic nurses use a simplified clinical grading to assess stages of trachoma while environmental technicians assessed risk factors of trachoma. Qualitative data were also collected through FGDs to identify community perception on household HEP program and the relation within all stakeholders, major achievements and challenges, and mechanisms used to sustain the program. Results: Prevalence of active trachoma in under ten years in household with HEP is 17% and in households without HEP is 35.5%. Prevalence of active trachoma is lower among households with HEP [OR: 0.37 95% CI, 0.22-0.63]; who have latrine and used properly [OR:0.62 95%CI, 0.38-0.95]. who washed face frequently [OR:0.10 95%CI, 0.05-0.18], who used soap to wash face [OR:0.37 95%CI, 0.15-0.94]; and clean face [OR:0.40 95%CI, 0.29-0.57] but higher in those who dispose waste to disposal pit [OR:1.43 95%CI, 1.04- 1.95] and distance to fetch water less than one kilometers [OR:1.47 95%CI, 1.00-2.15]. The FGDs suggested that households who implement the HEP program prevented eye diseases and eye irritation and they internalize importance of the HEP program. Conclusion: Health extension package has significant effect in prevention of active trachoma and has to be expanded to households who have not implemented the HEP program. Further sensitization and training of woreda and kebele councils, health workers and CHW and make understanding with stakeholders like Agriculture, Education, Water development and Cooperatives is necessary to enhance expansion of the program. Key words: Health extension package, Active trachoma, quasi-experimental stud
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    Measuring Levels of Physical Activity among Adults in Miskan and Mareko District: A Validation Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2004-04) Tadesse, Zerihun; Tesfaye, Fikru(PhD); Berhane, Yemane(Professor)
    According to a substantial body of evidence, regular physical activity can bring significant health benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Scientific evidence increasingly indicates that physical activity can extend years of active independent living, reduce disability and improve the quality of life of young and older adults. Despite these evidences, little is known about physical activity or its measurement on a population basis. A cross-sectional community based study was conducted to assess reliability and validity of instruments for measuring levels of physical activity. The instrument with better reliability and validity was used to measure levels and assess determinants of physical activity. Simple random sampling was carried out to recruit a total of 940 subjects. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were administered to all participants during the first contact. The questionnaires were administered again after 4 days to a randomly selected sub-sample of 151 participants in order to assess reliability. Validity of the questionnaires was assessed on another randomly selected group of 186 study participants who wore motion monitor for seven consecutive days. A set of reliability tests indicated that GPAQ and IPAQ had good repeatability; balance in favor of the former. Validity of the questionnaires was assessed by a number of methods. Unlike reliability, validity was modest: percent correctly classified by concurrent validity of GPAQ against IPAQ for various domains of activity was between 35.9 and 42.5; gross vii misclassification was in the range 17.7-26.3%. In criterion validity test of the questionnaires against motion monitor, percent correctly classified was between 21.0 and 35.5 for GPAQ and between 25.3 and 38.2 for IPAQ; gross misclassification was in the range of 21.1-40.3% for GPAQ and 18.3-41.9 for IPAQ. The prevalence of physical activity measured by GPAQ was found to be 77%(724/940). Cumulative assessment of reliability and validity of questionnaires used in this study indicated that GPAQ and IPAQ were appropriate for use in our setting. However, conducting similar reliability and validity studies across different seasons and regions is strongly recommended before applying them on large-scale studies
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    Sexual Behavior of Married Military Personnel: Does Duty Location Matter?
    (Addis Ababa University, 2005-04) Tesfay, Wozam; Berhane, Yemane(Professor)
    BACK GROUND Due to the nature of their job military personnel is highly mobile and posted away from their family for extended period of time. As result personnel who are on active military service may be exposed to undesirable sexual behaviors. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between duty location and sexual behavior of married military personnel. METHODS: This is a comparative cross-sectional study conducted among military personnel in Tigray. Data were collected using self administered questionnaire and FGD from married military personnel RESULTS: Military personnel stationed away from their spouses were more likely to have extra-marital sex than those who were living together with their spouses, adjusted odds ratio is 2.14(1.40, 3.27) Conclusion: Military personnel posted away from their spouse are likely to be engaged in sexually risk behaviors thus appropriate sexual health package including condom promotion and regulation of commercial sex industry need to be strengthened
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    Socio-Cultural Factors in Decisions Related To Fertility in Remotely Located Communities: The Case of Suri Ethnic Group
    (Addis Ababa University, 2003-06) Eyayou, Yetmgeta; Berhane, Yemane(Professor); Zerihun, Legesse
    A qualitative study was conducted in Surma woreda, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR) in order to investigate the socio-cultural factors in decisions related to fertility in Suri ethnic group. Key informants were selected by heterogeneous and snowball sample selection techniques. Key informant in – depth interviews using open-ended questions and observations using checklists were the data collection techniques. Data analysis was done manually in the field and using computer software for handling qualitative data. The Suri has an old tradition of child spacing practice. The reason for their child spacing practices are related to child welfare especially related to child feeding practices, maternal well being for fear of maternal depletion as a result of closely spaced births and the violent way of life that the Suri people often find themselves in. The traditional methods used for child spacing include the rhythm method, post – partum sexual abstinence, and prolonged breastfeeding. Traditional sexual norms such as polygamy and extramarital relation in men and the pastoralist way of life support child spacing practice using the traditional methods. In instances of unwanted pregnancy, the Suri try to induce abortion using local materials and plants. Recommendations were given to establish reproductive health services in the area as well as strengthening the already existing traditional family planning method by providing scientific and reliable information