Browsing by Author "Belay, Getachew"

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    Application of Integrated Geophysical Techniques to Map Groundwater Potential Zones and Geological Structures at Woldia University and Mechare Meda,North Wollo Zone,North Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-03) Belay, Getachew; Haile, Tigistu (Professer)
    Integrated geophysical investigation using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Magnetic (with GPS coordinates) methods were conducted to investigate groundwater potential zones and geological structures at Woldia University and Mechare Meda, North Wollo Zone, North Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to assess and evaluate groundwater potential of Woldia University and Mechare Meda and determines the location of preferred borehole sites and the depth at which the aquifers are located. The data acquired from twenty (20) VES points using Schlumberger electrode arrays with maximum half current electrode spacing (AB/2=700m) and 220 magnetic data points (supported by the high precision height control from GPS method) were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively in order to know the local geology and determine aquifer bearing horizons. The qualitative analysis of VES data was accomplished by using pseudo depth sections and different geoelectric sections. Similarly, the qualitative interpretation of magnetic data was performed by using 2D magnetic profile plots. Finally, the overall qualitative interpretation was done by integrating all the above results together with the topographic and geologic map, and borehole information. The quantitative interpretations of the VES data were conducted by modeling the VES data using WinResist and Resix-Ip modeling software and constructing geoelectric sections along selected survey lines, using the result from individual VES point interpretations and lithological information from a different borehole. The VES results of the data revealed four main geoelectric layers which differ in degree of fracturing, weathering, and composition. Moreover, the vertical electrical sounding survey helped to determine the depth to the aquifer and identify groundwater potential areas, whereas the magnetic survey helped to map the basement topography and identify places having high groundwater reservoir potential. Generally, the result of interpretation specifies the study area composed of two aquifers, the first is the Upper Basalt aquifer, which is slightly confined between alluvial deposits (upper), and moderately fractured Basalt and Trachytes (lower) and the second is Lower Basalt aquifer which is confined by the moderately fractured Basalt. The depth of the upper aquifer is ranging from 20 to 60m while the depth of the lower aquifer is greater than 180m. The geological fractures found in the study area have orientation of NW–SE, and NE–SW.
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    Determination of community based reference interval of selected clinical chemistry parameters among apparently healthy Adolescents in Mekelle City, Tigray North Ethiopia from December 2018 to May 2019, and Community based cross sectional study.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Belay, Getachew; Wolde, Mistire(MSc, PhD and Aassociate prof); Tsegaye, Aster(MSc, PhD and Associate prof)
    Background: Clinical laboratory reference intervals (RIs) are essential for clinical diagnosis, treatment and therapeutic monitoring. Locally established RIs are required to correctly interpret clinical laboratory results. In Ethiopia, particular in Tigray region, clinical laboratory test results are interpreted based on RIs derived from a western population. Objective: To establish reference interval of clinical chemistry parameters among apparently healthy adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years in Mekelle, Tigray northern part of Ethiopia. Method: Community based cross sectional study was employed from December 2018 to May 2019 in Mekelle city among 172 males and 172 females based on Multi stage sampling technique. Blood samples were tested for Fasting blood sugar (FBS), alanine aminino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin (ALB), direct bilirubin (BIL.D) and total bilirubin (BIL.T) clinical chemistry parameters using the 25 bio system clinical chemistry analyzer. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and based on the Clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI)/ International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) C 28-A3 Guideline which defines the reference interval as the 95% central range of 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. Mann Whitney U test, descriptive stastics and box and whisker were stastical tools used in analysis of the study. Result: This study observed statistically significant differences between males and females in ALP, ALT, AST, Urea and Creatinine Reference intervals. The established reference intervals for males and females, respectively, were: ALP (U/L) 79.48-492.12 versus 63.56-253.34, ALT (U/L) 4.54-23.69 versus 5.1-20.03, AST 15.7- 39.1 versus 13.3- 28.5, Urea (mg/dL) 9.33-24.99 versus 7.43-23.11, and Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.393-0.957 versus 0.301-0.846. The combined RIs for Total Protein (g/dL) was 6.083-7.85, ALB (g/dL) 4.42-5.46, FBS(mg/dL) 65-110, BIL.D (mg/dL) 0.033-0.532, and BIL.T (mg/dL) 0.106-0.812. Conclusion: The result showed marked difference among sex for selected clinical chemistry parameters. It also differs from company derived values. Thus, establishing age and sex specific reference intervals locally and nation wide for clinical chemistry parameters is recommended.
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    Quality performance Evaluation of Laboratories on AFB smears Microscopy in Eastern Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2011
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Mulat, Mekete; Desta, Kassu; Belay, Getachew; Ali, Ibrahim
    Background: External quality assessment is the most effective method for evaluation of AFB diagnostic methods for tuberculosis. Blinded rechecking of AFB slides using lot quality assurance sampling methods is currently practiced in many DOTS centers. In addition panel testing and onsite supervision are critical components of standard EQA program that can assess the overall performance of microscopic centers. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the quality performance of laboratories in AFB smear microscopy and identifying TB slide positivity rate in peripheral diagnostic centers in Eastern Amhara Region. Material and method: A cross-sectional study in 21 peripheral diagnostic centers in Eastern Amhara region, was conducted from October 2010 to April 2011.A total of 799staind smears were randomly collected for rechecking. Ten slides of panel testing smear were sent out to 21 microscopic centers to evaluate reading, staining and reporting performance of individuals. Check lists were used to assess quality issues of laboratories. Tuberculosis registration books were used to determine slide positivity rate. Data were captured, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 17. X2 test, kappa values were used for comparison purpose. P value <0.05 was considerable to statistically significant. Results: Proficiency panel test score of 100 %, 80-95 %, 60 % was performed by 9, 11, 1 laboratories, respectively. Out of 799 randomly selected slides, 8.3 % and 8.6 % were reported to be positive for acid fast bacilli by the first and the second (regional) laboratory personnel, respectively. Overall, false reading was 1.6 % and the overall agreement was 98.4%. There is a slight difference among public and private microscopic centres in selected quality performance x2 (p value < 0.05). Annual PTB examinees were 6,212 in 2006 / 2007; 9537 in 2007 / 2008; 10499 in 2008 / 2009 and 13,086 in 2009 / 2010. while the positivity rate was 8.7, 9.9, 10.7 and 7.4 with respectively. The maximum positivity rate was between the ages of 15 and 34. Generally, positivity rate was 9.6 % among females and 8.4 % among males. Conclusion and recommendation: The overall performance of majority of microscopic centers is acceptable. The overall slide positivity rate (SPR) was 9 % and showed an increasing trend from 2006/ 2007- 2009/ 2010 with slight decline at the end of 2010. Continuous quality performance assessment of tuberculosis microscopic centers should be considered as part of DOTS program for proper diagnosis and management of tuberculosis in the region. This should include panel testing, blinded rechecking and onsite supervision of laboratories along with strengthening of public private partnership for tuberculosis control in the region. Key word: Panel testing; Onsite evaluation; random blinded rechecking; East Amhara,Ethiopia.
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    Role of Building Information Modeling in Improving Building Design Process in Ethiopia, The Case of Addis Ababa
    (AAU, 2016-05) Belay, Getachew; Wubishet, Jekale (PhD)
    Ethiopia is under a major and fast transformation on the subject of building construction. The country is now building grand projects in areas like, housings, higher education, health buildings and many more. This fast building construction industry faces many challenges, one of these challenges being the gap in building design process management basically caused by incomplete design and less integrated design management. The international practice, moved from the conventional to the integrated design modality, with the latest intervention of Building Information Modeling (BIM). There are a few attempts in Ethiopia, even though it is at its infant stage. This study focuses on reviewing the existing design management with in Addis Ababa; tries to identify the major gaps, problems and challenge and sees how such BIM can improve the situation in design related problems. To conduct this research, two methods are used, survey and case study. Questioner and interview for the survey having eleven G-I consultants used as a population taking two as samples and two governmental university projects as a case study. The gaps identified in this research are to follow: - Most of the designers in the case area, are currently implementing the conventional designing approach, resulting in substandard property, fragmented building design process, errors and omissions in paper communication resenting in project period delays being the major gap, additional financial expense and reduction of quality are also take major portion, resulting undesirable friction between involved parties. The documents are fragmented and take longer time to prepare. The project going over budget, extended period and lesser quality are problems caused by the poor building design management. The major challenges of the building design process are very low project fee, no permanent staff, incomplete design with fewer details, limitation on accessing licensed software, expensive and unaffordable database infrastructure and lack of adequate training centers are also partly concluded as challenges. The majorities of the professionals in Ethiopia have at list the basic understanding of the significance and the advantages of BIM or used BIM application; this shows a promising future. As a recommendation, BIM should be included in Ethiopian Building coed of standard; as fundamental tool for designing, design evaluation, project monitoring and follow-up and design documentation. Standard minimum professional fee should be set; banks should support the professionals by loan system so that they can adopt BIM; regulatory body, client, professionals should set integrated design management platform environment.