Browsing by Author "Belay, Alemayehu"

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    The Fundamental Characteeristics of Ethiopian Pop Music
    (Addis Abeba Unveristy, 2020-09) Belay, Alemayehu; Aklilu, Zewdie
    Ethiopian music has a rich and diverse musical tradition with thousands of years of experience in both religious as well as non-religious practices. Ethiopian „modern pop music‟ experience is a recent phenomenonThis study has the central aim of proving and exploring the existence of “golden time” and the reason why the name “golden time” was given to a certain period music production in Ethiopian popular music production history. The beginning and the ending time (years) of the so-called “golden time” is some how controversial that, it needs special attention to be determined. The formation of the orchestra (bands) and the role of instruments are the main elements to classify the period as golden or notThe research is basically based on investigating musical elements found in the recordings.The melodies, baselines, chords, melodic phrases (verse and chorus), the usages of music instruments for solo playing and improvisation, rhythmic structures, scales and the instrument that used dominantly are identified. Data obtained from interviews and focused group discussions with key informants from music background are used as main reference. Documents and archives in the title of Ethiopian music, are also used. Both qualitative and quantitative methods in the descriptive approach are important to be imployed to conduct this research. Generally, this study focused on investigating the elements of music productions done within the time frame of the period so-called “golden time” to determine as golden or not
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    Livelihood and Soil Conservation Practices among the Farmers of Yaii Chebo, Oromiya Regional State,Ethiopia
    (AAU, 2009-11) Belay, Alemayehu; Osmond, Thomas PhD
    This study aims at analyzing the interaction between livelihood and soil conservation practices in Yaii Chebo, Ambo wereda. It particularly focuses on the factors which contribute for making decision to adopt soil conservation practices among farmers and power relations emerging as different actors interact in the conservation scheme. Observations, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, survey method and cases were used to collect data for this study. The farmers at Yaii chebo reside in an environment characterized by rugged and mountainous topography with steep slopes which naturally makes it vulnerable to land degradation in the form of soil erosion. Various factors like population pressure and a consequent deforestation, at different times in history, have made the degradation process aggravated. The interaction between the livelihoods of farmers and the environmental changes is so enormous to the extent of forcing farmers continually make small livelihood adaptations to their farming practices with their available resources. Among the major adaptations are soil conservation practices which were also encouraged and supported by governmental and nongovernmental organizations at various levels. Yet, the decisions to adopt soil conservation practices have more to do with other social factors than awareness level of farmers regarding soil erosion and soil conservation practices. Lack of resources mainly ownership of small plots of land impeded resource poor farmers from actively engaging in soil conservation practices. As soil conservation practices are long term investments, most farmers rather prefer to focus on the immediate subsistence of their households. Moreover, the soil conservation interventions has created a power hierarchy whereby access to farm information and alternative livelihood diversifying means are linked to previously existing ownership of farm resources leading to the relative advantage of resource rich farmers . The analysis showed; there is no guarantee that awareness leads to adoption of soil conservation practices. Holistic and contextual dimensions of soil conservation interventions will be needed to maintain a sustainable environment.