Browsing by Author "Belachew, Teshome"

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    Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates From Sewages Polluted Urban Rivers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Belachew, Teshome; Desta, Kassu (Assistant Professor)
    Background: rivers are an important source for drinking, irrigation, recreation and other domestic purposes. However, if it is polluted, it can act as the storehouse of harmful infectious agents that possess multiple drug resistant genes, which is a growing public health concern. Objective: To determine gram negative bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from selected sewage polluted urban rivers of Addis Ababa. Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted from February – April 2017. Water samples were collected from the rivers that pass through ten sub cities of Addis Ababa. Turbid samples were tenfold diluted (1:10) with sterile physiological saline. Samples were inoculated on blood and MacConkey agar. Presumptively isolated organisms were identified by BioMerieux VITEK 2 COMPACT machine. Antimicrobialsusceptibility patternwas alsoperformedfor 19 antibiotics by the machine with minimum inhibitory concentration technique. Epidata 3.1 was used as data entry and SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. Results:From a total of 94 river water samples, 150 gram negative bacterial isolates were recovered to the species level and 30 isolates were not identified by the machine. The isolation rate was 98% (92 samples were positive for one or more than one bacterial isolates). The predominant species were A. hydrophylia/cavae 26 (17%) followed by E.coli 23(15%), K.pneumonia 18(12%), Rautella species 18(12%), K. oxytoca 17 (11%).The least identified species was E.gergovia and C.braki1(1%). A. Hydrophila/Cavae showed high level of resistance to cefazolin 10 (38%), cefoxitin 9 (35%) and trimethoprim sulphomethoxazole 10 (38%). E.coli. showed also high level of resistance to many of tested antibiotics like ampicillin 21 (91.3%), and 16(70%) resistance to Cefalotin, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone and Cefepime. Both K.Pneumoniae and K.oxytoca showed high resistance to ampicillin 16(94%) and 17(95%) respectively. Among identified bacterial species, most of them showed multidrug resistant pattern. Providential retigerri showed 100% MDR Followed by P.Alkalificiens (90%), E.coli (78%), Morganella species (75%), and C.frundi (60%). Conclusion and Recommendation: A.hydrophila/cavae and E.Coliwere the most predominant bacterial isolates. Most of identified bacterial species were highly resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulnic acid. Drug resistance and MDR were very high in this study. Key words: Gram negative bacteria, Multidrug Resistance, Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, River, Addis Ababa