Browsing by Author "Bekele, Abebe"

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    Automatic Detection of Malaria Parasite based on Microscopic Image Analysis
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-02) Bekele, Abebe; Demelash, Masreshaw(PhD)
    Automatic Detection of Malaria Parasite based on Microscopic Image Analysis Abebe Bekele Addis Ababa University, 2017 Malaria is a serious global health problem and its diagnosis is usually done manually by compound light microscopy which is time consuming, tiresome and subjective. To support this manual method, in this master thesis, we designed and developed a system which is able to automatically detect plasmodium parasites from images of blood smears acquired by ourselves using a digital light microscope. In this method, blood smears taken from patients who were infected with plasmodium parasites were prepared. Digital images were then acquired by the light microscope and saved in the computer. Red blood cells (RBCs) are first segmented by marker control watershed algorithm, where the foreground markers are obtained from circular Hough transform and background markers from distance transform. The plasmodium infected RBCs are then detected in the Hue-Saturation-Intensity (HSI) color space. Thresholding on hue component of HSI color space is used to detect the chromatin dots of the parasite. Plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax, the two dominant plasmodium species which cause the vast deaths in Ethiopia, are differentiated based on the size of infected RBCs. The performance of the proposed system for RBC segmentation, parasite detection and species differentiations was analyzed by comparing with the gold standard manual method for the total of 91 images of thin blood smears. The result shows that 97% of the RBC counts are similar to the gold standard with 97.5% sensitivity and 84.4% positive predictive value for plasmodium parasite detection at the cellular level. The species differentiations were done for each image with the accuracy level of 91.46%.The result showed the potential of the method for supporting the mass screening of malaria parasite. Keywords: Digital Microscope, Plasmodium, Thin Blood Smears, Watershed Algorithm, Circular Hough Transform, Distance Transform, Hue-Saturation-Intensity (HSI), Thresholding
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    Utilization of Long Acting and Permanent Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factors Among Married Women of Reproductive age in Bishoftu Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2017-06) Bekele, Abebe; Seme, Assefa
    Background: The benefit of contraceptive methods has become an important factor in the life of reproductive age of women. Specially, the utilization of Long Acting and Permanent contraceptive Methods (LAPMs) is most effective methods of contraceptive available and are very safe and suitable; do not need daily initiation on the part of the users, and no need of frequent visit to service providers and hence, saves time and money for individual and the government. Objectives: To assess utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among married women of reproductive age in Bishoftu town Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from September, 2016 among married women of reproductive age in Bishoftu town. Study Kebeles selected by lottery method. Systematic sampling used to select study households while all eligible women in the selected households recruited for the study. The minimum sample size required for the study was 419. A pre-test and structured questionnaire used to collect data from each respondent. The data field edited and entered in to EPI-Info 7 version and cleaned then exported to SPSS version 16 for analyses. Descriptive statistics such as frequency tables and percentages used to describe the study participants. In a bivariate analysis Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals calculated to see the magnitude and significance of the association between independent and the dependent variables, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent predictors of LAPMs utilization in the study area. Result: Utilization of LAPMs was 35.7%, the most common is Implant 101(25.5%), and followed by Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) 37(9.4%) and the least was female sterilization 3(0.8%). The result of multivariate analysis revealed that, the significant association of education of respondent on utilization of LAPMs [AOR 2.76, 95% CI (1.16, 6.55)], attitude of husband on LAPMs [AOR 2.97, 95%CI (1.58, 5.59)], discussion with service providers on use of LAPMs [AOR 5.68, 95%CI (2.06, 15.68)], and married women those who need any more additional children was found to be associated [AOR 2.01, 95%CI (1.19, 3.40)]. Conclusion: Utilization of LAPMs among contraceptive methods users in a town was 35.7% and higher than the LAPMs use rate reported other studies and Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2014, but still lead by short acting methods that was inject-able followed by Implant and the least female sterilization.