Browsing by Author "Aynalem, Yechalework"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Opportunities and Challenges of Industrial Park Development in Ethiopia: Lessons from Bole Lemi and Hawassa Industrial Parks
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Aynalem, Yechalework; Fenta (Ph.D), Getahun
    The introduction of industrial park development in Ethiopia is currently a topical issue. Both the Government and private developers are working on the development of industrial parks in different part of the country and some of them have started operation while the others are waiting for their completion. The main objective of this study is to exploring the experiences of industrial park developments in African countries, focusing on identifying main opportunities and challenges and lessons from and to Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data sources were used. Documents, key informant interview and focused group discussion were among the main data collection instruments used to examine and show industrial development practices in the continent and Ethiopia’s Bole Lemi and Hawassa industrial parks in particular. Officials and experts from Ethiopian Industrial Parks Development Corporation and Ethiopian Investment Commission, human resource managers from nine different companies, industrial park managers and employees of manufacturing enterprises have responded the interview questions; households who are evicted due to industrial parks constructions have also participated in the focused group discussion and different documents reviewed. Data have been interpreted through theoretical basis, basic standard, conception and comparative approach. The findings of the study indicated that the industrial park development across the continent varies in terms periods of establishment, opportunities and challenges witnessed in specific countries. Embarking on industrial park development, Ethiopia has attracted foreign direct investment, generated revenue, staged technology and skill transfer and created ample jobs. It offered investors incentive packages, cheap labor and access to market with its attractive investment and legal framework. The challenges in Ethiopian IPs are identified as high labor turnover, inadequacy of infrastructure facilities, poor trade logistics and customs procedures, lack of access to foreign exchanges and weak linkages of IPs with local economy. It also lacks strong coordination among actors in the sector, experience and shortage of raw materials. It is also tested by lack of peace and stability. Thus, at this level of their performance, industrial parks have little impact on the country’s economy. While Ethiopia carries on expansion of industrial park development and industrializations, it needs to consider building industrial culture and discipline, set a minimum wage, establish market chain and strategically identify industry locations. Ethiopia should also be vigilant on peace and stability issues. Keywords: Industrial park, opportunities, challenges, foreign direct investment, employment, technology and skill transfer, Ethiopia
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Reading Strategy Use: The Case of High and Low Achievers at Private High Schools of Kb Academy Grade Nine and Ten Students
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-08) Aynalem, Yechalework; Mulugeta, Fekadu (PhD)
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the reading strategies use by high and low achiever of private grade nine and ten students of Addis Ababa. The focus was to attain the type and range of strategy they use and frequency level thereby to assess the differences/similarities in using the reading strategies by high and low achiever students. To this end, thirty students were selected (15 top high achievers and 15 least low achievers) using stratified sampling technique. To measure students’ reading strategy use, Oxford’s (1990) Strategy Inventory Language Learning (SILL) was adapted. The modified self- report questionnaire with 43 items were prepared and administered to all selected students. In addition, interview was conducted with sixteen (8 top high achievers and 8 least low achievers) of the sample population. Data obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version-20. The descriptive statistics such as frequency counting, mean value, standard deviation, and Independent T-test were considered in discussion. The t-test (with significant difference level p< 0.05) was applied to check if there was a statistically significant difference between high and low achievers in using the main reading strategies. During discussion, data obtained through the self-report questionnaire were cross checked using the data obtained through interview. Results of the study show that there was a relationship between four main strategies use (i.e. memory, cognitive, metacognitive, and social strategies) and language learning achievement. High achiever students were also found to use all the main strategies more often than low achiever students. Based on the findings, it was recommended that awareness raising should be made to enhance students' use of various strategies at higher frequency and the low achievers must be encouraged to use the reading strategies more frequently.