Browsing by Author "Ayana, Tariku"

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    Policy Practice of Inter Country Versus Domestic Adoption by Childcare Institutions: The Case of Adama Town
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-03) Ayana, Tariku; Adugna, Fikadu (PhD)
    The thesis is study of policy practice of domestic and inters country adoption by childcare institution, the case of Adama city administration. Globally, the current trends of adoption practice shows domestic adoption is increasing in developing countries and decreasing in the developed countries. Whereas, inter country adoption is decreasing in developing countries, but increasing in developed countries. However, in the case of Ethiopia in general in Adama in particular, the practice maintained an opposite order. With this insight, this study is devoted to assess the current practices of domestic and inter country adoption, its advantages and disadvantages, analyze the government and NGOs preference among the two alternatives, analyze the existing policy frame works/guidelines and their implementations, and to assess the positions of the cultural childcare practices in the study area Methodologically, the research employed qualitative research paradigm. Primary data were collected by formal interview, observation, case history, document analysis, and focus group discussion, supplemented with secondary sources. Currently there are eight childcare institutions in the city administration under taking alternative child care service. The research reveals that, regardless of its numerous disadvantages, inter-country adoption is currently the most popular trend among other childcare alternative. This is found to be because of four main source; 1) the preference of inter-country adoption by most child care institutions, and 2) lack of awareness by birthparents, adoptive children, and the local people, as well as 3) due to the prevailing economic deficiency. The last but not least, is due in adequate monitoring on the implementation of existing policy and guidelines by concerned government and non-government organizations in the study area. The research findings also show that there are legaldraw backs in which the guide lines contradict one another in some cases, and there is defieciency by concerned bodies in the implementation of these polocies and guidelines. Lastly, the study showed that, though it is full of limitations, modern adoption has managed to significantly undermine the customary practices
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    Prevalence, Causal Factors and Impacts of Problem Gambling Among Adolescents of Some Selected Addis Ababa High Schools
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-07) Ayana, Tariku
    Gambling is an increasingly a popular leisure activity enjoyeJ by adolescents and adliits. Most of those who do so experience few problems associated with gambling (Bilt, I-Iall and Shaffer, 1997}. However, some studies indicate that adolescents may have more trouble in controlling their gambling behavior than adults (Derevensky and Gupta, 1997). In general, the main objectives of the study were to explore the prevalence, causal factors and impacts of problem gambling and gambling behaviors. To do so, the researcher conducted a stuely on students of grades 9 and 10. From 422 students o/grades 9'" and 10''', 307 (181 lIIales and 126 females) were selected through purposive sampling technique. To investigate the causal factors and impacts of problem gambling, the researcher adapted questionnaire from Gallatin and Rainon (2007), and Derevensky el. ai, (2007). Fol' diagnosing adolescent problem gambling the researcher adopted criteria u.led by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual/or mental 17ealth1ulIl'lh version (DSM-1V) and Cumbiers Anonymous (GA}. Generally the study result shows that the prevalence 0/ gambling behavior is estirnmed 10 be 72.75%. Regarding the categories of gambling, probable problem gambling accounts (6. 43%}, at risk .lUI' severe problem galllblillg accuunts (38. 92%}, and /fUn -problelll gambling accounts (54.64%). Regarding the causal/acturs, all the causal factors idellt ijied (psychological, social, biulogical, accessibility of' ga/llbling venues, adwrtisclllellt (Iii gambling and drug abuse} are significantly correlCllcd to the adolescent galllbling behaviors and problem gambling 011 the DSM-lV and GA at p