Browsing by Author "Ayalew, Lulseged (PhD)"

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    Gis and Remote Sensing Integrated Environmental Impact Assessment Of Irrigation Project In Finchaa Valley Area
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2006-07) Amdihun, Ahmed; Ayalew, Lulseged (PhD)
    This research was conducted in order to assess the environmental impacts of Finchaa irrigation project using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Because of the limited resources only some environmental parameters were selected. These parameters are natural vegetation, soil/land, water quality, climate and health conditions. The normalized vegetation index (NDVI) analysis was used to detect the spatial and temporal change of vegetation biomass in the study area. The result indicated that the natural vegetation biomass is declining. This is mainly due to the expansion of agricultural land and escalating human made structures in the area. The water physico-chemical analysis demonstrated that the down stream water has more chemical substances and degraded physical properties than the up stream counterparts. The direct leakage of industrial liquid waste and the agro-chemicals from irrigation fields are supposed to contribute for this result. The GIS analysis of a 100 meter buffer around Major rivers and tributary streams is found to be a necessary action to mitigate the problem of pollution. The soil chemical and physical property analysis in the irrigated and non irrigated fields reveals that the soil samples taken from irrigated fields contain higher phosphorous, Nitrogen and organic carbon compared to its counter parts. The use of agro-chemicals in the irrigation fields contribute for the result. From the twenty two years rain fall, temperature and humidity data no abrupt inclining or declining trend is observed that could tell the possible impacts of the project. The post irrigation development years witness that some water born diseases and malaria case records have increased. It is also found out that expansion of irrigation fields and the respective Malaria case records are positively correlated. Generally, despite the significance of the Finchaa irrigation project, it has negative environmental repercussions. This is evident from vegetation cover distraction, water quality deterioration in the down stream area, alteration of soil physical and chemical components and increasing health threats. If the current condition continues the problems may out weight the benefits of the irrigation project. Thus in the project site and adjoining areas urgent environmental conservation is necessary. This helps to sustain the existing and revitalize the fading resources
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    A GIS-Based Bicycle Suitability Study in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2006-07) Teshome, Eyob; Ayalew, Lulseged (PhD)
    Various local is international organizations are located in Addis Ababa and hence high level of mobility is existing in the city that demands various forms of transportations. Automobile is the most common form of transportation mechanism in the city. However there is high traffic congestion with greater impact on the day to day activity of the metropolis. This study considers the suitability of cycling as additional means of transportation. In order to do this around 9048 streets in Addis Ababa are evaluated to find out the best road for cycling. Factors such as slope, traffic density and pavement surface condition were considered to assess the suitability of roads for bicycle. The study was conducted in two steps. The first step involved evaluation of the entire roads of the city. When considering all factors, the result indicated that riders can use bicycle only on 9% of the roads. The data analysis showed that the factor ‘pavement surface’ condition was the most infantile to limit the suitability of roads for cycling. Using this factor alone about 65% of the total roads is found to be unsuitable. As an attempt for detail study the second step considered only five roads among the total 9048 streets. The roads are selected from Arada sub-city where there exists high traffic density and people with different socio economic background. The detail analysis again considered the same three factors and the result indicated that the route running to Gullele found to be the best as its slope, traffic condition and pavement surface condition is suitable for cycling. In contrast the road that runs to Art Kilo is the worst because of the traffic density and pavement surface condition.
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    The Use of Geographic Information System Technology for Hiv/Aids Prevention Planning, Evaluation and Surveillance in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2006-06) Zewdu, Tekalign; Ayalew, Lulseged (PhD)
    This study focuses on GIS based mapping of high HIV/AIDS vulnerable areas of Addis Ababa city which helps planning and wise allocation of resources to prevent the spread of the epidemic. In this study GIS techniques were found to be useful to offer helpful information on the spatial distribution of HIV/AIDS risk factors. Using GIS, different criterion (factor) maps have been prepared; these maps are the Female Population Density criterion map, the Young Population Density criterion map, the Economically Inactive (Low Income) Population Density criterion map, the Commercial Sex-workers Density criterion map, and the Establishments (i.e. those establishments that incorporate the commercial sex-workers as part of their business) Density criterion map. A map that shows the existing HIV positive population density was also prepared and used to assign weights to the criteria maps. Different GIS data processing techniques have been deployed to extract specific information for the required analyses. Spatial multicriteria decision analysis approach was used for selecting evaluation criteria and deriving commensurate (standardized) criteria maps. Criteria weights were derived on the basis of the Pairwise comparison method. The GIS analyses indicated that sex-workers concentration is high in the central northwestern part of the city. Similar results were found for the female population distribution, the young population distribution, and the distribution of establishments that incorporate commercial sex-workers as part of their business. The result of the GIS analysis showed that 4% of the total area of the city is found in the ‘Highest Susceptible’ zone. This zone includes in particular Woreda 7, Woreda 6, Woreda 5, and Woreda 4 areas of the city. The result also showed that 11%, 34% and 51% of the areas of the Addis Ababa city are found in the ‘Higher’, ‘High’ and ‘Low’ susceptible zones respectively. The spatial distributions of the existing VCT centers and the developed HIV/AIDS susceptibility map show some degree of correlation. When it is intended to open a new VCT center, it is recommended that first priority should be given to those areas which have sparsely distributed VCT centers; doing so increases the accessibility to VCT centers which are the first and most important step to combat the disease.