Browsing by Author "Awoke, Sisay"

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    Comparison of Parametric and Nonparametric Methods to Describe Genotype by Environment Interaction and Grain Yield Stability of Bread Wheat
    (Addis Abeba university, 2013-10) Awoke, Sisay; Sharma, M.K. (Professer)
    The nature and magnitude of the genotype by environment (G×E) interactions is important to identify superior and stable genotypes under the target environments. One cultivar may have the highest yield in some environments while a second cultivar may excel in others. Hence, it is important to know the magnitude of the interactions in the selection of Genotypes across several environments. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze genotype by environment interaction and stability of 20 Ethiopian wheat genotypes in 8 environments. The experiment was conducted during 2007/08 growing seasons in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Parametric and nonparametric statistical methods were used to test the significance of genotype by environment (G×E) interaction and to identify stable Genotypes in 8 environments. Combined A NOVA and non parametric tests Kubinger and Hildebrand) of genotype × environment interaction indicated the presence of significant interactions, as well as significant differences between genotypes and environments. However no cross-over and noncrossover interactions were detected by the de Kroon/van der Laan and Bredenkamp procedure respectively. According to the parametric methods, genotype G11, G10, G5 and G12 were stable and genotypes G16, G3, G20 & G1 were unstable. According to the nonparametric methods, genotype G11, G10, G5, G18 & G12 were stable and genotypes G3, G16, G19, G1 and G20 ii were unstable. The result shows that both the parametric and nonparametric methods gave a relatively same result. This implied that the nonparametric stability measurements are useful alternatives to parametric measurements. According to the biplot, Adet was generally categorized under high yielding wheat environment as compared to the three relatively categorized under low yielding environments (Holeta, Kulumsa and Sinana). Mean yield performance across environments was significantly positively correlated with RS and TOP measures (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively) and there were significant negative correlations between mean yield and si (3), si (6), NPi 2 , NPi 3 . This study recommends genotypes G19, G1 and G15 as superior genotypes in favorable environments
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    Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2017-06) Awoke, Sisay; Getachew, Sefonias (PhD)
    Introduction Measles is an acute, highly contagious viral disease caused by measles virus and transmitted primarily by respiratory droplets or airborne spray to mucous membranes in the upper respiratory tract or the conjunctiva. Globally during 2002–2009, 180,284 suspected measles cases were reported, of these, 97,204 (54%) were discarded because of a negative or indeterminate measles specific IgM test result; 10,071 (14%) had unknown classification; and 73,009 (41%) were confirmed as measles. Among 2,190 suspected measles cases reported in 61 separate outbreaks in Ethiopia (2015), of which 929 cases were confirmed positive. The aim of this study was to investigate the outbreak and identify associated factors for measles outbreak and to take possible intervention measures in Basso Liben district. Methods and materials We conducted 1: 2 unmatched case control studies. Face to face interview was conducted to gathered information from cases and controls by using structured questionnaire. Sample size was calculated using Stat calc function of Epi-info version 7 with confidence level of 95%, power of 80%, and assuming percent of controls exposed 18% and percent of cases with exposure 52% for un-vaccination. Total sample size included in the study was 30 cases and 60 controls. Before conducting interview informed verbal consent was obtained from all study participants to meet ethical standards. We entered data to Epi info version 7 and analyzed it by using SPSSversion20 software; finally the model was fitted by using multivariate logistic regression with 95% confidence level and p-value <0.05. Results In Basso Liben district the total attack rate of measles was 1.24 per 1000 population. The highest age specific attack rate was in under- one age groups (4.76 per 1000 children), and the next was in age groups 1-4 years old which was 3.28 per 1000 population. In multivariate logistic regression contact history with measles case AOR=8.132 (95% CI 2.047, 32.297) and presence of measles case in the neighbour AOR= 6.928 (95% CI 1.37, 29.12) were risk factors for contracting measles. Sisay Awoke, sisaya16@gmail.com,Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Programme Sisay Awoke, sisaya16@gmail.com, Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Programme Page 14 But previous history of measles case AOR= 0.10 (95% CI 0.02, 0.56) and vaccinated with measles vaccine AOR=0.11(95%CI 0.021, 0.573) were protective associated factors for measles. Conclusion In multivariate logistic analysis presences of measles case in the neighbour and contact with measles case were significant associated factors for contracting measles, but previous history of being measles case and vaccination were protective factors for measles. Basso Liben district health office and health centers should improve and strength routine measles vaccine immunization coverage and also under- 30 years age groups should be targeted for supplementary immunization programme for measles. Key words; measles, outbreak, Basso Liben, case control, Ethiopia